SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. As the highest plateau in the world, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) directly impacts its surrounding climate and environment through atmospheric and hydrological processes. Meanwhile, the TP climate changed significantly (such as rapid warming, moistening, solar dimming, and wind stilling) over the past 30 years , which further altered its environment (e.g., glacier retreat, lake expansion, and permafrost degradation, etc.) and brought environmental risks and disasters to the plateau's surrounding regions. The "third pole" was proposed as a geographic element to cover the TP and its adjacent mountains (Qiu 2008), and the "Third Pole Environment" (TPE) was then launched as an international program in 2009, with intension to pool international efforts to reveal and quantify the "water-ice-air-ecosystem-human" interactions in this region (Yao et al. 2012). Among the multisphere interactions on the TP, soil moisture (SM) plays a fundamental role in controlling land surface energy partition, adjusting surface runoff and soil drainage, regulating canopy transpiration and carbon AFFILIATIONS: yang, Qin, y. Chen, anD Tang-key laboratory of tibetan environment changes and land surface Processes, institute of tibetan Plateau research, chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing, china; Zhao, han, LaZhu, Ding, Wu, anD Lin-key laboratory of tibetan environment changes and land surface Processes, institute of tibetan Plateau research, chinese Academy of sciences, and university of chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing, china; Z. Chencollege of global change and earth system science, Beijing normal university, Beijing, china; Lv-state key laboratory of resources and environmental information system, institute of geographic sciences and natural resources research, chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing, china CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: kun Yang, institute of tibetan Plateau research, chinese Academy of sciences, Bldg. 3, courtyard 16, lincui rd., chaoyang district,

BackgroundCancer is a heterogeneous disease with many genetic variations. Lines of evidence have shown copy number variations (CNVs) of certain genes are involved in development and progression of many cancers through the alterations of their gene expression levels on individual or several cancer types. However, it is not quite clear whether the correlation will be a general phenomenon across multiple cancer types.MethodsIn this study we applied a bioinformatics approach integrating CNV and differential gene expression mathematically across 1025 cell lines and 9159 patient samples to detect their potential relationship.ResultsOur results showed there is a close correlation between CNV and differential gene expression and the copy number displayed a positive linear influence on gene expression for the majority of genes, indicating that genetic variation generated a direct effect on gene transcriptional level. Another independent dataset is utilized to revalidate the relationship between copy number and expression level. Further analysis show genes with general positive linear influence on gene expression are clustered in certain disease-related pathways, which suggests the involvement of CNV in pathophysiology of diseases.ConclusionsThis study shows the close correlation between CNV and differential gene expression revealing the qualitative relationship between genetic variation and its downstream effect, especially for oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. It is of a critical importance to elucidate the relationship between copy number variation and gene expression for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

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Several researches reported that overexpression of SIRT1 was associated with poor survival in several human cancers. However, some researches reported that SIRT1 had an antitumor potential. The definite role of SIRT1 is not clear now, and few studies have documented the value of SIRT1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the role of SIRT1 in TNBC and non-TNBC for prognosis. A total of 51 TNBC patients and 83 non-TNBC patients who were diagnosed from October 2001 to September 2006 were involved in this study. Immunohistochemical staining for SIRT1 and p53 on tissue microarrays were used. Expression of SIRT1 was seen in 55 % of TNBC patients and 53 % of non-TNBC patients. Expression of SIRT1 was associated with lymph nodes status, stage, distant metastatic relapse, and p53 status in TNBC patients. Expression of SIRT1 in non-TNBC patients was significantly correlated with lymph nodes status, age, stage, distant metastatic relapse, PR status, and p53 status. SIRT1+ group was associated with shorter DFS and OS compared with SIRT1- group in TNBC, non-TNBC, and overall breast cancer patients, according to univariate Cox regression analysis. Our study provides evidence that expression of SIRT is associated with worse prognosis in TNBC and non-TNBC and SIRT1 could be a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Metastatic axillary lymph nodes can be accurately diagnosed by MR in women with early breast cancer preoperatively and non-invasively. The scoring system appears to be superior to current methods.