SUMMARY BackgroundThere has been growing interest in the use of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal diseases.

The phytochemical content, antioxidant activity and antiproliferative properties of three diverse varieties of proso millet are reported. The free phenolic content ranged from 27.48 (Gumi 20) to 151.14 (Mi2504-6) mg gallic acid equiv/100 g DW. The bound phenolic content ranged from 55.95 (Gumi20) to 305.81 (Mi2504-6) mg gallic acid equiv/100 g DW. The percentage contribution of bound phenolic to the total phenolic content of genotype samples analyzed ranged between 62.08% and 67.05%. Ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid are the predominant phenolic acid found in bound fraction. Caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were also detected. Syringic acid was detected only in the free fraction. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the hydrophilic peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) assay. The PSC antioxidant activity of the free fraction ranged from 57.68 (Mi2504-6) to 147.32 (Gumi20) µmol of vitamin C equiv/100 g DW. The PSC antioxidant activity of the bound fraction ranged from 95.38 (Mizao 52) to 136.48 (Gumi 20) µmol of vitamin C equiv/100 g DW. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of the extract was assessed using the HepG2 model. CAA value ranged from 2.51 to 6.10 µmol equiv quercetin/100 g DW. Antiproliferative activities were also studied in vitro against MDA human breast cancer and HepG2 human liver cancer cells. Results exhibited a differential and possible selective antiproliferative property of the proso millet. These results may be used to direct the consumption of proso millet with improved health properties.

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular systems are power-limited and susceptible to blockages. As a result, mmWave connectivity will be likely to be intermittent. One promising approach to increasing mmWave connectivity and range is to use relays. Device-to-device (D2D) communications open the door to the vast opportunities of D2D and deviceto-network relaying for mmWave cellular systems. In this correspondence, we study how to select a good relay for a given source-destination pair in a two-hop mmWave cellular system, where the mmWave links are subject to random Bernoulli blockages. In such a system, probing more relays could potentially lead to the discovery of a better relay but at the cost of more overhead. We find that the throughput-optimal relay probing strategy is a pure threshold policy: the system can stop relay probing once the achievable spectral efficiency of the currently probed two-hop link exceeds some threshold. In general, the spectral efficiency threshold can be obtained by solving a fixed point equation. For the special case with on/off mmWave links, we derive a closed-form solution for the threshold.Numerical results demonstrate that the threshold-based relay probing strategy can yield remarkable throughput gains.

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