Ruminants are the only extant mammalian group possessing bony (osseous) headgear. We obtained 221 transcriptomes from bovids and cervids and sequenced three genomes representing the only two pecoran lineages that convergently lack headgear. Comparative analyses reveal that bovid horns and cervid antlers share similar gene expression profiles and a common cellular basis developed from neural crest stem cells. The rapid regenerative properties of antler tissue involve exploitation of oncogenetic pathways, and at the same time some tumor suppressor genes are under strong selection in deer. These results provide insights into the evolutionary origin of ruminant headgear as well as mammalian organ regeneration and oncogenesis.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). Methods Pediatric IPH cases that were diagnosed at West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University between 1996 and 2017 were reviewed. Follow-up data from 34 patients were collected. Results A total of 107 patients were included (42 boys and 65 girls). The median age was 6 years at diagnosis. The main manifestations of the patients were as follows: anemia (n = 100, 93.45%), cough (n = 68, 63.55%), hemoptysis (n = 61, 57%), fever (n = 23, 21.5%), and dyspnea (n = 23, 21.5%). There were relatively few pulmonary signs. The positive rates of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in sputum, gastric lavage fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were 91.66%, 98.21%, and 100%, respectively. Seventy-nine patients were misdiagnosed. A total of 105 patients were initially treated with glucocorticoids, among whom 102 survived and three died. Among the followed up patients, two died and 32 survived, among whom 10 presented with recurrent episodes. Conclusions The classic triad of pediatric IPH is not always present. The rates of misdiagnosis and recurrence of IPH are high. Early recognition and adequate immunosuppressive therapy are imperative for improving prognosis of IPH.

No abstract

A porous and thick photoelectrode of WO3 in the monoclinic phase was prepared to realize the recovery of H2 and high-value-added oxidation reagents with efficient solar energy conversion. The WO3 photoelectrode enabled the efficient production and accumulation of O2 , S2 O8 (2-) , Ce(4+) , and IO4 (-) as oxidation products. Most notably, S2 O8 (2-) , which possesses the highest oxidizability among all the peroxides, was generated with high applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (2.2 %) and faraday efficiency (≈100 %) upon irradiation from the back side of the photoelectrode. The design of a tandem photoelectrode system combining a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was also challenged for the realization of this photoelectrode system without external bias. A high solar energy conversion efficiency (5.2 %) was achieved in the tandem system comprising the WO3 photoelectrode connected to two DSSCs with a near-IR-utilizing dye in series for the production of H2 and S2 O8 (2-) .

No abstract