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Objective: Hypodontia is portrayed by the missing of one to six numbers of teeth. PAX9 is one of the genes that caused non-syndromic hypodontia. We aimed to investigate the PAX9 mutation of non-syndromic hypodontia with clinical variability in a Malaysian hypodontia family. Methods:Clinical examinations for all participants whilst orthophantomogram (OPG) was taken for hypodontia patient only. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis. Direct sequencing was performed by using exon 2and 3 of PAX9 gene.Results: 3 out of 5 family members are affected with hypodontia. The mother has missing posterior tooth and her daughters have missing anterior teeth. The point mutation was identified on exon 2 on patient 1C; c.620G>T and on exon 3 on patients 1B; c.465delG, 1C; c.273T>G, 1D; c.462delT. Conclusions:Our findings suggested those identified points mutations of PAX9 either on exon 2 or exon 3 is responsible for the hypodontia phenotype in this family.

External apical root resorption (EARR) is a condition that frequently arises after orthodontic treatment.Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is the gene responsible for the initiation of bone resorption and activating the osteoclasts, and is responsible for the potential of root resorption development. This study investigated the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1143634) in IL-1β gene and its relationship with

Muslims are prohibited from consuming products that contain pig products and their derivatives, including porcine gelatin. Medical and dental products are not exempt from the use of gelatin in their formulation. This study employs attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) to detect and distinguish between porcine and bovine gelatins in dental materials. The results were further verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Species-specific primers targeting the 212 bp porcine cytochrome b and 271 bp bovine cytochrome b genes were used to amplify DNA in nine dental material samples. Detection and distinction of gelatin standards (bovine and porcine) against gelatin present in the dental materials was achieved using ATR-FTIR combined with PCA within wavenumber 1756 cm–1–1584 cm–1 (Amide I and Amide II). The detection limit for DNA was 0.001 ng/μL and 0.0001 ng/μL for bovine and porcine gelatins, respectively. Using PCR, one sample, BDM 01, was found to contain both porcine and bovine DNA, while one sample (BDM 14) was found to be positive for bovine DNA. The findings suggest that ATR-FTIR combined with PCA and conventional PCR are applicable for the identification of porcine and bovine gelatin in dental materials.