By the time they graduate from their initial teacher education programs, most teachers are equipped with the basic information and skills they will need to begin their classroom practice – including content knowledge, theories about the teaching and learning process, and various instructional strategies and techniques. However, the process of becoming a teacher does not end there. The most successful teachers are also lifelong learners who continuously work to improve their subject-related knowledge, understand how they can reach their students most effectively, and keep up with new developments in education. Considering the need for teachers to be aware of the concept of teacher learning and at the same time be self-aware about their beliefs that impact their practice in that regard, this comparative study will explore and report initial findings of what Georgian and Turkish teachers of English understand from the concepts of “teachers as learners” and “teacher learning,” and what kinds of professional development activities and efforts they are involved in as part of what they think these concepts constitute and require.

By the time they graduate from their initial teacher education programs, most teachers are equipped with the basic information and skills they may need to begin their classroom practice – including content knowledge, theories about the teaching and learning process, and various instructional strategies and techniques. However, the process of becoming a teacher does not end there. The most successful teachers are also lifelong learners who continuously work to improve their subject-related knowledge, understand how they can reach their students most effectively, and keep up with new developments in education. Considering the need for teachers to be aware of the concept of teacher learning and their beliefs that impact their practice in that regard, this comparative study will explore and report initial findings of what Georgian and Turkish teachers of English understand from the concepts of “teachers as learners” and “teacher learning,” and what kinds of professional development activities and efforts they are involved in as part of what they think these concepts constitute and require.

Psychotherapy was conducted with 103 children and teenagers. Medical checkups and physiological evaluations were performed along with analyses of family relations and social environments. Problems discovered were multifarious and can be classified as those owing to age, those resulting from the Georgian lifestyle (the traditional Georgian family consists of several generations living together and provides the basic structure for the development and maturation of youth), and those that had emerged in the previous 3 years as a result of a hostile social environment. Perinatal pathology (pathological pregnancy, complicated delivery, asphyxia, and prematurity) was revealed in 30% of the cases. Psychotherapy resulted in stable psychological balance in 42% of the cases.

Objective: As the average population ages, dementia has become one a leading challenge for health care systems in developing and developed countries. Dementia is a progressive disorder associated with the decline of cognitive function and the ability to carry out daily activities. Along with the development of screening tools to detect early-stage MCI, it is important to find out the time-line for the MCI progression. There is little recent information available on the natural course of MCI in Georgia. Method: A 7-year longitudinal study was conducted to track MCI progression, comparing individuals with initially healthy cognition (N=52) to patients showing symptoms of MCI (N=51). This study used MoCA as an indicator of cognitive change over the 7-year period. The MoCA was administered twice approximately 7 years apart and IADLs-at the end of the research. Participants were classified as MCI or cognitively intact based, on the results of the MoCA results. Results: Healthy individuals had a very limited decline in MoCA scores (M=-0.004, p<.001); MCI group also showed a some decrease in MoCA scores (M=-1.2, p<.002) without any changes in IADLs scores; whereas 17.6% of healthy individuals progressed to MCI at the end of the research (M=- 4.8, p<.03), associated with the significant decline of the IADLs scores (M=-2, St.dev=3.2, p<.03), as well. Conclusion: Progression of MCI based on MoCA and IADLs results can indicate patients’ declining ability for self-care. Because MCI patients will need increased care and monitoring as the disease progresses, the social burden of caring for these patients will likely also increase.

Nino Mikeladze Email:ninomikeladze88@gmail.com Doctoral student (Master’s in Economics) Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1214-7241 Government measures during the economic policy implementation should be based on the impact on economic growth and economic development. Moreover, as it is inevitable to have government expenditures, it is crucial to analyze what kind of relationship exists between economic growth and government expenditure. According to Keynes, government expenditure is the measure of the fiscal policy, On the other hand, according to Wagner, public spending is endogenous factor of economic development. There is no common attitude towards Wagner theory. Moreover, Wagner theory is considered to be valid for the long run period and results could be more valid in terms of economic as well as statistical interpretation, when longer time-series is taken. While exploting the dependence between economic growth and government spending, we should analyze the Armey-Rahn curve as well, which explains that up to some point, when government spending is increasing, economic activity is increasing as well, but then is starts to decline. The paper examines such dependence based on Wagner’s law and Keynes’s theory for Georgia, but using only capital spending as it is perceived as one of the main sources for economic growth. All the available data is used, during 1995-2022, for capital spending growth and economic growth indicators. The results show that Wagner’s law is not fulfilled meaning that economic growth is depended variable and capital spending growth is explanatory. The impact on economic growth is observed after 3 years, which makes sense if we consider the nature of capital spending. However, we can say that due to the lack of data and only two variables included in the analysis, the results might not be relevant.