El uso de tecnologías modernas de edulcorantes incluye una variedad de sistemas térmicos, de membrana y solares en los que el agua salina marina se convierte en agua dulce y potable a través de procesos térmicos o procesos de filtración por membrana; esa es una solución junto con otros procesos de purificación de agua y aguas residuales para responder a la reducción de los recursos hídricos y se ha desarrollado el uso de fuentes alternativas para proporcionar agua a las necesidades de las personas, la industria y la agricultura. En este artículo, se ha intentado revisar el mecanismo general de endulzar el agua de mar usando energía solar, especialmente las técnicas híbridas de membrana y energía solar osmótica y la destilación termodinámica del agua de mar con energía solar.
Higher environmental standards have made the removal of toxic metals such as hexavalent chromium from wastewater; an important problem for environmental protection. Iron oxide is a particularly interesting adsorbent to be considered for this application. In this study, a new method combining adsorption and magnetic separation was developed to remove Cr ( VI ) from wastewater. The nanocrystalline magnetite as adsorbent was produced via thermo- mechanical reduction of hematite. Various parameters which affect the adsorption of Cr ( VI ) such as time, pH, temperature and initial concentration were investigated using thermo-gravimeters (TG), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. The maximum adsorption was occurred at pH 2. The adsorption data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption of Cr ( VI ) increased significantly with increasing of temperature and time.
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