Introduction Unvaccinated older adults with COVID-19 are at higher risk for severe illness and complications compared with those have been vaccinated. Vaccine literacy and attitudes are important factors that enhance healthy behaviors and choices, including vaccination intention. Objective To explore vaccine literacy, attitudes, and vaccination intention toward COVID-19 among Thai older adults and examine associations between vaccine literacy, attitudes, and vaccination intention. Methods This study used a cross-sectional online design. We surveyed 408 older adults who met our inclusion criteria. Participants were recruited online via social media and websites. The survey covered demographic data, vaccine literacy, attitudes, and intention to get the COVID-19 vaccine. Results COVID-19 vaccination intention among Thai older adults was high (81.3%). Females and those aged 60–69 years had higher COVID-19 vaccine literacy scores than males (t = −2.120, p < 0.05) and those aged ≥70 years (t = 2.438, p < 0.05). Participants with postgraduate education and those who were health professionals scored higher for vaccine literacy than less educated (t = −3.501, p < 0.01) and non-health professional (t = 5.437, p < 0.001) participants. Those with an adequate income or that had been vaccinated against COVID-19 scored significantly higher for vaccine literacy and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine than participants with an inadequate income (t = 4.626, p < 0.001) or that had not been vaccinated (t = 2.842, p < 0.01). Vaccine literacy (r = 0.219, p < 0.001) and attitudes (r = 0.459, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with vaccination intention. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccine literacy and attitudes are significant factors related to vaccination intention. Health professionals could play an important role in enhancing vaccine literacy among older adults. Positive attitudes and COVID-19 vaccine literacy may enhance vaccination uptake in older adults.

Global vaccination efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic may be impeded by vaccine hesitancy. Attitudes and vaccine literacy are important factors that reduce vaccine hesitancy. The role of attitudes and vaccine literacy of parents on COVID-19 vaccine intention for their children under five years was unknown.Objective: This study aimed to assess parents' characteristics, vaccine literacy, attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine, and vaccine intention/hesitancy and to determine factors influencing parents' vaccine intention for their children under five years of age. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire before the authorization of the COVID-19 vaccine for very young children in Thailand. The sample consisted of 455 parents with children under five years old. The online questionnaire included parents' sociodemographic data, vaccine literacy, attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccine, and vaccine intention to get their children vaccinated. Results: About 98% of the parents received their COVID-19 vaccination, whereas only 45.1% reported they would have their children under five years old get vaccinated. About 54.9% were either not sure or refused their child's COVID-19 vaccination. A multiple logistic regression model identified factors that increased the odds of parents' vaccine intention: parents aged > 35 years, attitudes on safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine for children, advice about the COVID-19 vaccines from healthcare personnel, and the belief that COVID-19 vaccine is helpful for their children. Attitudes that COVID-19 vaccination in children could be fatal decreased parents' vaccine intention. Need for more information about the COVID-19 vaccine for children and concern about the vaccine's side effects were the most frequent reasons for vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Conclusion: Parents should be provided with accurate information from healthcare personnel and media sources about the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine for young children under five years of age to overcome their hesitancy.