All individuals have traditionally considered medicinal plants as a healthy source of life, and its therapeutic characteristics have proven to be quite effective in treating a wide range of illnesses. Another benefit of using medicinal plants is that they are completely natural. Since ancient times, people have utilized traditionally to treat common infectious disorders, and the belief that some plants possessed therapeutic properties was widely recognized even before mankind discovered there were microorganisms. Due to their antibacterial qualities, several plants have been utilised in traditional medicine for a long time. The therapeutic benefit of these plants is specifically found in a few chemical compounds that have a clear physiological effect on the human or animal body. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds are among these bioactive ingredients, which are primarily secondary metabolites, that are most significant. Cells of microorganisms are poisoned by these phytochemicals. Individuals with Nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease, is a condition that accumulate calculi (stones) within the renal pelvis and tubular lumens. Stones are formed when crystals precipitate (separate) from urine. When the urine concentration of compounds that help prevent stone formation (citrate) is low or when that of substances that help create crystals (calcium, oxalate, and uric acid) is high, stones may form. Current research aims for assessment of the invitro anti urolithiatic activity of Sterculia urens by employing the method such as nucleation assay Our study indicates that, sterculia urens can be a great source of antiurolithiatic agents, which are most likely mediated by the suppression of CaOx crystallization.

BACKGROUND We wanted to compare the effects of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia in cases posted for laparoscopic appendicectomy and also compare various parameters like hemodynamic changes, postoperative analgesia, and postoperative complications in both the techniques. METHODS After obtaining permission from scientific and ethical committee of SVMC, Tirupati, we conducted the study on 60 patients attending SV Medical College, Tirupati from September 2018 to August 2019, who were in ASA GRADE 1 & 2, and posted for laparoscopic appendicectomy. We divided them into two groups Group - S – those who received spinal anaesthesia & Group - G – those who received general anaesthesia. RESULTS 60 patients of ASA 1 and 2 were taken up for laparoscopic appendicectomy from September 2018 to August 2019. Out of 60 patients, 30 patients were grouped under Group - S, Other 30 patients grouped under Group - G. Intraoperative vitals, including blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate and end-tidal CO2 levels, were within baseline values, whereas postoperative analgesia was better in Group - S than Group - G. There were 3 patients in the spinal group who developed postoperative hypotension and were managed with injection mephentermine sulphate. Out of 30 in each group, 11 patients in spinal, and 22 patients in GA group developed postoperative nausea and vomiting, which subsided with antiemetics. There were 4 patients in spinal, and 3 patients in the GA group who complained of shoulder tip pain in the postoperative period. Patients had minimal pain and no requirement of analgesia in the initial 3 hours of the postoperative period in the spinal group. CONCLUSIONS Patients who underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy under spinal anaesthesia (Group - S) showed significant postoperative analgesia (P - value < 0.05) and better haemodynamic stability than the patients who underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy under general anaesthesia (Group - G), But alertness for any emergency by anaesthesiologist was more needed in spinal anaesthesia than general anaesthesia because airway was not protected, and patient was taking spontaneous respirations. KEYWORDS RA - Regional Anaesthesia, SA - Spinal Anaesthesia, GA - General Anaesthesia, PONV (Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting)

BACKGROUND:Anaemia is the commonest global public health problem and especially harmful when the pregnancy is complicated by anaemia. Women in reproductive age group are more vulnerable for iron deficiency anaemia with an estimated prevalence of around 70 to 80% in pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of the study was to analyse the foetal outcome in the hospitalised pregnant women with severe anaemia. This is a prospective study carried out at maternity ward of Government General Hospital, Kurnool of Andhra Pradesh, India over a period of one year from October 2007 to September 2008. RESULTS: Total of 9731 deliveries occurred during the study period, 282 (2.89 %) were severely anaemic at the time of delivery. Majority of the women were of 20-24 years age (68.4%) with second gravidas 37.5%, term gestation 52.1%, preterm deliveries 47.9%, lower socio-economic status 87.6% and Unbooked cases 67.4% and low birth weight in 53.2% cases, intra uterine growth retardation and intra uterine foetal death contributes to 12.8% and 16.7% cases respectively. A total of 36 (12.8%) neonates required admission in neonatal intensive care unit and 16(5.7%) of them died. CONCLUSION: Severe anaemia during pregnancy has adverse perinatal outcome in the form of low birth weight, preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation and intrauterine death. Regular iron supplementation during the antenatal period, management of anaemia and improving the nutritional status of the mother will improve the adverse neonatal outcome and decreases perinatal morbidity and mortality.