Background and Objective: External factors such as lithology, climate, slopes, land cover and soil have been carried out to provide solutions in anticipating and responding to land degradation, but disasters still occur. So it is imperative to see the impact of internal soil factors on some potential land use land cover in this area to answer and anticipate the effects of climate change in predicting the susceptibility of the soil to disasters. This study aims to study the soil micromorphology of some land cover in the landslide susceptibility area of the Kelara Subwatershed in Rumbia District, Jeneponto Regency of South Sulawesi. Materials and Methods: The study is descriptive exploratory through field surveys and supported by data from laboratory analysis. Laboratory analyses include soil texture analysis, particle density, bulk density, porosity, permeability and thin section analysis for micromorphological observations in soil. Results: The clay fraction content increased >25% in all land cover due to increased rainfall since 2010, which triggered an increase in soil mineral weathering activity. Land use for mixed plants showed a significant increase in clay >30% and plane voids. Permeability in the mixed plant reached 0.42 cm hrG 1 with category very slow has significantly different from another land cover and induced landslide. Conclusion: Increasing clay and decreasing soil permeability trigger the formation of plane voids which cause the soil to undergo a micro shrinking and slipping process and internal micro-shifts. It is the key to improving soil susceptibility to landslides in mixed plant land use in the sloping area.

One of factors that is interasting from Vertisol to be investigated beside the management of the soil fertility was color variations which can vary from gray to brown and brownish red. Exclusive characteristics of Vertisol are shrink swell capacity with clay dominant clay that make agricultural activities in the Jeneponto area less productive. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences of physical and chemical characteristics of black and red Vertisol in Jeneponto R.egency. The research location was based on the difference and overlaying of soil color. Black soils were taken from the village Bontomarannu and Tonrokassi Timur while red soil and overlaying colors of red and black soil were taken from the village Sarroanging. Results showed that one of the chemical characteristic which was very differences between black and red soils were calcium carbonate and base saturation. Generally CaCO3 on black soil was higher (ranged of 13.20-36.73%) than  red soil (ranged of 2.21-13.86%). As for overlaying colors of red and black soil were ranged of 2.62-3.88%. The highest base saturation was found in the black soil that was> 100%, red soil between 40-89% and overlaying colors red and black soil between 80-83%.  While Fe, Mn and Al concentrations were highest with citrate dithionite bicarbonate extracts followed by oxalate and pyrophosphate extracts. Clay montmorillonite minerals were present in all profiles observed.

Landslides and flash floods in Rumbia Village, Rumbia District, Jeneponto Regency on June 11-12, 2020, have caused material and non-material losses to the local population. The incident occurred very quickly with an area with a disaster impact on seven sub-districts and 18 villages. This study aims to map soil erodibility to assess soil susceptibility to landslides in the Upper Kelara Sub-watershed. Calculate soil erodibility using the Wischmeier and Smith method, texture with hydrometer method, c-organic with Walkley and Black, mapping of soil erodibility with the kriging approach, and expert judgment for soil susceptibility category. The results showed that c-organic value content (1.19 to 2.47%) has low in landslides areas, with soil permeability ranging from 0.23 to 1.16 cm/hour and soil texture dominated silty clay. Soil erodibility in the landslides area reaches a value of 0.4 with the high category of soil susceptibility. Soil erodibility is in line with soil susceptibility value, the high erodibility value, the high soil susceptibility category. Soil erodibility mapping showed a distribution of erodibility index increase in the bottom part of the Kelara Subwatershed. The Mitigation actions through government assistance and socialization of disaster-aware communities need to be carried out immediately so that incidents can be minimized and prevented in the future.

Soil morphology provide overview the evolution in the soil body through description and interpretation of soil profile properties as initial information in classifying soil. The research purpose is to determine the morphological characteristics and soil classification of Inceptisols in four study profiles: Kalonding, Batu Papan, Pepalang and Batu Ampat, in Mamuju regency, West Sulawesi. The research method used is descriptive qualitative exploration by survey in the field and soil analysis in the laboratory. The results showed that the dominant texture was clay in all soil profiles with a low silt/clay ratio. This was related to the high intensity of weathering due to high rainfall and easily weathered host rock and relatively high content of resistant minerals. Other chemical properties such as pH, N-total, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na) and P-available are generally low with a relatively constant distribution pattern with increasing depth. Soils are classified into the order of inceptisols in all soil profiles because they have a cambic sub-horizon resulting from physical alteration, chemical transformation or a combination of these processes. The hicks humidity regime so that the sub-order category is named udepts. The temperature regime includes Isohipthermic so that it is categorized into the Great Group Dystrudepts and the Typic Dystrudepts sub-group for the Study Profile of Batu Papan, Pepalang and Batu Ampat, while for the Profile of the Kalonding study is Lithic Dystrudepts.

Labile organic carbon fraction (LOC) response as a sensitive indicator of changes in soil quality. Changes in land management, use, and land cover significantly affect the total soil organic carbon. Organic forms such as the labile carbon fraction are still very rarely studied and affect soil quality. Soil quality is defined as the soil’s capacity to perform various functions and can be accessed by measuring the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Organic carbon of various forces has a major role in soil function. It is important to know the labile fraction of soil carbon because this fraction is a food source and greatly affects the nutrient cycle and other soil properties.