The early Hawaiian game of LuLu can be used to discuss both experimental and theoretical probability.

Students design game boards and gather experimental data to better understand the hidden mathematics in a common television game show.

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A critical consumer is able to ask questions and discern information about data—its collection and analysis, and is able to judge whether conclusions are warranted (GAISE, 2007; Best, 2001). Promoting statistical knowledge by exploring social issues that create disparities helps individuals foster initiative for positive change and engage in equitable practices (Moses & Cobb, 2001; Gutstein, 2006). This chapter explains investigations suitable for use with pre-service/in-service teachers and middle school or high school students. Investigations were structured to help participants: 1) Engage in statistical problem solving using real data; 2) Focus on the process of statistical investigation (Rossman & Chance, 2012); and 3) Consider statistics as a means of promoting social change. A description of investigations and sample artifacts are included.

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