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Background: Preeclampsia has a complex pathophysiology in which several studies have reported derangement in calcium metabolism. The decrease in urinary calcium and calcium-creatinine ratio (CCR) could be considered as a risk factor for development of preeclampsia. This ratio is easily measurable, most effective even with spot urine sample. Objective: To study the levels of urinary CCR and to correlate with proteinuria in preeclamptic patients and to assess the role of CCR in urine as a diagnostic marker in preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 30 cases of pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia and 30 age-matched controls in MS Ramaiah Teaching Hospital, Bangalore over a period of 2 months. Random urine samples were collected from the cases and controls, and urinary calcium, creatinine, and protein were measured using their corresponding methods. The urinary CCR was studied and correlated with proteinuria. All the quantitative variables were described in terms of mean and standard deviation. The differences in the mean values between cases and controls were tested through Student's t-test or oblique propriate nonparametric test of significance. To test for differences in the proportion between cases and controls, c 2 test of significance was employed. Result: It was found that urinary calcium was significantly increased in cases compared with the controls, whereas there was no significant difference in CCR. The CCR had a sensitivity and specificity of 40% and 86.67%, respectively. Conclusion: Although significant numbers of pregnant women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia did not have decreased ratio, the urinary calcium levels had decreased in preeclamptic patients.

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Background: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the common cause for hospital acquired renal failure in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to assess the renal function in patients after primary coronary angioplasty by estimating the levels of serum creatinine (Sr. Cr) Materials & Methods: Sample sizes of 51 subjects were included for the study. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and after the procedure. The difference in Serum creatinine levels was calculated.CIN was defined as increase in Sr Cr >0.5 or >25% compared to the baseline value. Results: Out of the 51 cases, CIN occurred in 7.8% (4 cases). In addition,19.6 %( 10 cases) had preexisting renal insufficiency out of which 3 subjects developed CIN.According to recently proposed definition of contrast nephropathy 5.9 %(3 cases) and 7.8% (4 cases) were in grade 1and 2 respectively. Incidence of CIN in patients with diabetes mellitus was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) as compared to patients without diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: CIN is a common complication of primary coronary angioplasty. Its incidence is more in patients with pre existing renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus compared to patients with normal renal function and without any underlying risk factors.