This study was carried out to make was to determine the craniometric characteristics of the crania of Akkaraman and Kangal Akkaraman sheep, local breeds of Turkey, by using computed tomography (CT). Equal numbers of healthy male Akkaraman and Kangal Akkaraman sheep heads aged 8-12 months were used in the study (n=12/group). The images were obtained by scanning the heads with a CT device. These images were converted into a three-dimensional structure using the 3D Slicer program and their morphometric measurements were calculated. In the study, a total of 13 parameters and 5 indexes were measured in the skull. As a result, the morphometric differences of the skulls of Akkaraman and Kangal Akkaraman sheep were determined by statistical methods. All the characteristics examined were expressed as mean ± SE. Results of our study, when the craniometric data were examined a statistically significant difference was found in skull length, skull width, greatest length of the nasal bone, greatest breadth across the nasal, medial frontal length, cranial width, facial width, height of the foramen magnum, greatest breadth of the foramen magnum, greatest frontal breadth and least breadth between the orbits parameters (P 0.05). It is thought that the presented study may be useful to veterinarians in the fields of surgery and clinical practice, and to studies in the field of zooarchaeology, as well as sheep taxonomy.

SummaryBackgroundVariations of the branches and bifurcation of the abdominal aorta and their relations with other abdominal structures and organs are important concerning abdominal and spinal surgery.Case ReportIn this report, authors present a high -positioned bifurcation of the abdominal aorta at the level of the L3 vertebral body and its associations with multiple variations of other abdominal arteries during contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) examination of the abdomen.ConclusionsWe reported on a unique clinically and surgically significant case of variations of the abdominal aorta as related to the location and type of bifurcation. The awareness of the variations of the abdominal aorta is of great importance for surgeons in order to reduce complications during abdominal and spinal interventions, as well as for radiologists for precise interpretation of angiograms.

The anatomical structure of the temporal bone is quite complex. There are a great number of anatomical variations that are often confused with temporal bone pathologies, especially fractures. It is important that radiologists and surgeons be able to recognize such variations.

Heterotopia is mass of tissue normal to the site in abnormal location. Heterotopic gastric mucosa has been described in almost every part of the gastrointestinal tract including the tongue, oesophagus, epiglottis, small bowel, appendix vermiformis, rectum and gallbladder. The diagnosis of heterotopic gastric mucosa in gallbladder can be difficult clinically . Heterotopic gastric mucosa in gallbladder can be symptomatic or detected incidentally. It is relevant to distinguish heterotopic gastric mucosa from benign polyps, gallbladder carcinoma or metastasis. We present a case of a 51 year old female patient who represented suspicious lesion on computed tomography (CT). After cholecystectomy, in the microscopical examination gastric mucosa consisting of fundic glands and pyloric glands and typical features of chronic cholecystitis are seen.

SummaryBackgroundDuring embryonal period, complete obliteration of the urachus at the umbilicus and incomplete closure at the bladder level are the cause of vesicourachal diverticulum. This abnormality is a rare finding that is usually discovered incidentally during radiological evaluation. Occasionally, stones have been detected within the diverticulum.Case ReportWe present a case of a vesicourachal diverticulum with calculus diagnosed by multidetector computed tomography and confirmed surgically and histopathologically in a 24-year-old man.ConclusionsDuring the radiological differential diagnosis of abnormalities of abdominal wall and urinary system, consideration of urachal abnormalities is important especially in symptomatic patients.