Background: Seizures are a common presenting complaint in pediatric patients. There are many underlying causes which may present as seizures in pediatric population, for example: febrile seizures, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, congenital malformations, certain neoplasms etc. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) plays a fundamental role in evaluation of these causes and is especially of use in identifying the structural lesions presenting as seizures. Objectives: To assess the role of MRI(1.5 Tesla) in evaluation pediatric seizures and to study spectrum of MRI findings associated with various causes. Methodology: A prospective study will be conducted at “Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi”, involving 138 pediatric patients coming to Radiology department. Results: After statistical analysis, we expect to find effectiveness of MRI in evaluation of pediatric seizures. Conclusion: In this study we expect to find usefulness of MRI as a diagnostic tool in assessment of pediatric seizures especially in those with structural lesions.

Lipoma arborescens is a slow-progressing intra-articular benign lesion that typically affects the knee joint's suprapatellar recess. It occurs due to lipomatous proliferation of the synovium, giving a characteristic frond-like appearance. It is a rare cause of intermittent knee pain and joint effusion. We draw attention to this rare condition to increase the knowledge of its clinical symptoms and imaging characteristics, allowing for an early diagnosis and appropriate management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the initial and the single imaging modality to evaluate this condition in the current era.

Thyroiditis is a general term for several inflammatory thyroid disorders ranging from autoimmune, infective, and drug induced to ionizing radiation. Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of thyroid-related pathologies. B-mode and color Doppler provide for a noninvasive and sensitive method in the evaluation of thyroiditis. Elastography is a recent modality of ultrasound. It helps in differentiating benign from malignant diseases. A definite diagnosis is often not possible on ultrasound alone, correlation of ultrasonography findings with elastography and clinical and biochemical parameters help us reach an appropriate diagnosis in most of the cases and further imaging is seldom warranted.

Background: MRS and disregard MRI spectroscopy offers the capability of using magnetic resonance imaning (MRI) to noninvasively study tissue biochemistry. MRS is noninvasive technique that is used to study metabolic variance in brain tumors. Furthermore, diffusion-weighted imaging depicts the degree of water molecules diffusing across the unit volume of the region of interest as a result of sophisticated and dedicated software packages. Differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are related to changes in cellularity, cell membrane permeability, intracellular and extracellular diffusion, and tissue structure. Diffusion-weighted MRI is a powerful tool in the characterization of brain neoplasms. The present study attempts to derive the mean metabolite ratios as well as mean values of ADC with normalization in the setting of pituitary macroadenoma. Aim: (1) To evaluate mean metabolic ratios in pituitary macroadenomas using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in rural hospital setup in Central India, (2) To evaluate mean apparent diffusion coefficient value with normalization in pituitary macroadenoma using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a rural hospital setup in Central India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based observational study conducted over 2 years. All cases registered with Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital Sawangi, Wardha, diagnosed as pituitary macroadenomas were included in the present study. All patients were examined on GE Brivo MRI machine with 1.5 Tesla magnetic field strength in the Department of Radiodiagnosis. Diagnostic acumen was augmented with radiological features of brain tumors with metabolic ratios derived from metabolic values and ADC values. Results: Out of 142 patients included, pituitary macroadenoma cases were 18 in number. Observed metabolite ratios were derived from metabolic values obtained on MRS for choline (Cho), creatinine (Cr), lipid lactate, myoinositol, and n-acetyl aspartate (NAA). Ratios were calculated for Cho: Cr, Cho: NAA, Cho: myoinositol and Cho: lipid lactate. The range for Cho: Cr, Cho: NAA, Cho: myoinositol, and Cho: lipid lactate was 1.04–4.73, 0.96–4.12, 1.21–3.12, and 0.72–1.812, respectively. The mean values for Cho: Cr, Cho: NAA, Cho: myoinositol, and Cho: lipid lactate were 1.8655, 1.6094, 1.5561, and 1.4567, respectively. The range of ADC values observed was from 0.821 × 10−3 mm2/s to 1.523 × 10−3 mm2/s. Normalized ADC values were calculated on basis of observed ADC values in the numerator and the average ADC value of gray matter in the denominator which is taken as 0.8 and was in the range of 1.02625 × 10−3 mm2/s to 1.90375 × 10−3 mm2/s. The mean ADC value was calculated as 1.22 × 10−3 mm2/s. The mean normalized ADC value was calculated as 1.52 × 10−3 mm2/s. Conclusion: The research gap analysis toward which research question was framed stands filled up by generated new knowledge in terms of “mean metabolic ratios” and “ADC” values with reference to pituitary macroadenomas in the present study.