Introduction:The principle of wound treatment after joint arthroplasty, closed suction drainage, is well established. The effectiveness of this method has recently come under scrutiny. The use of closed suction drains is currently regarded as debatable. There isn't much information available to help the surgeon determine how long the drain should stay in place. Typically, this has only ever included directions. This has typically just included directives like "remove drains once drainage has ceased or becomes negligible," which can take anywhere between 24 and 72 hours following surgery Results: Average wound drainage shrank during time. When compared to TKAs, THAs have comparable quantities. The first 24 hours for both groups saw the largest drainage. Thus, effective antibiotic prophylaxis gradually declines with time; this observation supports the notion of early drain removal. In conclusion, this study supports the use of drains to reduce hematoma formation and avoid infection and perioperative wound morbidity while simultaneously highlighting the significant infection risk associated with the drains themselves. Conclusion: Average wound drainage shrank during time. When compared to TKAs, THAs have comparable quantities. The first 24 hours saw the highest drainage for both groups (56% for the hips and 64% for the knees). The percentage of infected drains increased noticeably after 48 hours.

Introduction: Hip replacement is one of the most successful surgeries in the clinic for the removal of painful joints. Hip osteoarthritis and femoral head necrosis are the 2 main reasons for hip replacement. Several factors are associated with the outcomes of surgery. Nonsurgical factors include gender, age, body mass index, prosthetic material, and risk factors. Surgical factors are anesthesia, postoperative complications, and rehabilitation. Considering the increasing demand for hip arthroplasty and the rise in the number of revision operations, it is imperative to understand factor-related progress and how modifications of these factors promotes recovery following hip replacement. In this review, we first summarize recent findings regarding crucial factors that influence the outcomes of artificial hip replacement surgery. These findings not only show the time-specific effect for the treatment and recovery from hip arthroplasty in the clinic, but also provide suitable choices for different individuals for clinicians to consider. This, in turn, will help to develop the best possible postoperative program for specific patients.Material & Methods: Our's is a Cross-sectional study which included 32 individuals both male and female above the age of 20 years. All the patients who had undergone Primary Total Hip Replacement for isolated hip pathologies at our hospital; and all are evaluated for functional outcome using Harris Hip Score Pre-operatively, at 1 month, at 3 months, at 6 months and compared. Results: In our study there was a statistically significant association between BMI, Waist: Ratio, Comorbidity, Duration of surgery & Age and the outcome, which shows that the outcome is dependent on the BMI, Waist: Ratio, Comorbidity, Duration of surgery & Age of the patients. Conclusion:With the increasing numbers of patients receiving hip replacements every year, it is important to have a knowledge of the possible factors that may influence the outcomes of surgery in individual patients. However, how the novel findings of the factors are associated with the outcomes of surgery and how the variations should be assessed in different individuals are 2 main reasons for us to summarize the literature, and it is imperative to be aware of these factors for designing personalized therapy for individuals in the clinic.

Introduction: There has been a continuing debate regarding whether the posterior cruciate ligament should be sacrificed or retained at the time of total knee arthroplasty.It is still controversial which approach is superior because both cruciate retaining prosthesis and posterior stabilizing prosthesis have advantages and disadvantages. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted on 37 patients (20 in Posterior Stabilized group and 17 in Cruciate Retaining group) fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The follow up was done at 1, 3 and 6 months during which functional outcome was compared using American Knee Society Score and associated complications were also compared. Results: At 6 months, the mean Knee Society Knee scores in Posterior Stabilized Group and Cruciate Retaining group were 91.05 ± 3.53 and 90.12 ± 3.57 respectively and mean Knee Society Functional scores were 89.75 ± 4.44 and 88.52 ± 4.24 respectively. The mean Knee Society Knee Score and Functional Score in both the groups were statistically not significant at pre-operative, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months as revealed by insignificant p value (>0.05). There were 3 complications in Posterior Stabilized Group which were 1 case of knee stiffness, 1 infection and 1 tibiofemoral subluxation. There were 2 complications in Cruciate Retaining Group which were 1 case of anterior knee pain and 1 periprosthetic proximal tibia fracture. Conclusions: Although, both the groups individually had significant improvement in regards to function from pre operative status to post operative status, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical and functional outcome between the two groups when compared with each other. However, the Posterior Stabilizing Total Knee Arthroplasty had better Range of motion score throughout the study. The complications associated with both the groups were comparable.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the result of mechanical and biological events that destabilize the normal processes of degradation and synthesis of articular cartilage chondrocytes, extracellular matrix, and subchondral bone. All-polyethylene (AP) tibial components were largely abandoned in favour of metal-backed (MB) components in the 1980s. metal backing is now the predominant design in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The present study aimed to assess and compare the functional outcome, in patient with total knee replacement using all polyethylene and metal backed tibial prosthesis in Primary Total Knee Replacement. Material And Methods: Our is an analytical cross-sectional study in which we have included 36 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis kellgren –lawrence grade III, IV 18 patients in all poly group and 18 patients in metal backed group. In which during follow up X-rays and functional outcome was evaluated using the American Knee Society Score at 1, 3, and 6-month follow-ups for patients of both the groups and compared. Result: In all polyethylene groups the functional score at 1, 3 and 6 months were 51.39 + 8.1, 76.67 + 8.1 and 89.72 + 4.6 respectively. While in metal group, the mean functional scores were 50.28 + 5.8, 77.22 + 5.7 and 988.61 + 4.1 at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months respectively. The most common complication was stiffness in 13.9% of patients of both the groups followed by extension leg (5.6%), infection (2.8%) and proximal tibial fracture (2.8%) in both groups. In present study, 75% of the patient did not have any post operative complications among all study subjects. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in clinical outcome between all polyethylene and metal backed, improved values in terms of functional and clinical scores preferably in both the group metal backed and all polyethylene group. This study is not without limitations. Even though it is prospective study, patients were followed for shorter duration only. Hence, a study with elegant methodology and long follow up period can accurately assess the efficacy of all polyethylene and metal backed prosthesis used in knee replacement surgery.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic and painful disease which causes pain and loss of movement in the knee that lead to difficulty in performing daily activities. In this study, we analyze various factors like age, sex, BMI, waist/hip ratio, tourniquet time, KL grade of OA knee, use of preoperative tranexamic acid, affecting the outcome post total knee arthroplasty surgery in osteoarthritic patients. Outcome till 6 month was evaluated by mean knee range of motion, Knee society score, SF12 score. Results: In our study, 12 patients (40%) had osteoarthritis knees according to K-L grade III, and 18 patients (60%) had osteoarthritis knees according to K-L grade IV. There were 18 (60.0%) females and 12 (40.0%) males in our study, showing a slight preponderance of females. Leftsided affection was slightly more than right. In our study 16 patients (around 53%) were with BMI ranging from 29 to 32 with mean BMI of 31+_2.3 and Mean Waist Hip ratio was 80.7+-6. Average duration of surgery was around 125.2+-16.26 minutes. The postoperative Knee Society Score at the end of our follow up study at 6 Month is 79.30 Conclusion: We have provided an overview of factor-related progress to the scientific community, but also present time-specific effects to be able to better understand the importance of these factors for Total Knee replacements in the clinic. We conclude tourniquet time, total time of surgery, total blood loss had insignificant effect on functional outcome of patient over a follow up period of 6 months. Excellent results can be expected in patient of younger age and with low BMI & Waist: Hip Ratio, with no comorbidity. Preoperative functional outcome was significant following early KL grade 3 OA knee patients undergoing Total Knee Replacement compared to KL grade 4 knee initially, but over the period of 6 month follow up outcome was found comparable.