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Introduction:The purpose of the present study was to determine the factors that affect the outcome of strabismus surgery in terms of improvement in stereopsis and binocularity. Methods: Data were collected prospectively from patients with childhood-onset, concomitant, constant strabismus greater than 30 prism diopters (PD) with postoperative alignment within 10 PD. Pre-and postoperative stereopsis and binocularity testing were performed using the Titmus fly test, random dot test, Bagolini striated glass test, and Worth four dot test at one, four, and 12 weeks postoperatively.Results: A total of 73 patients (55% males and 45% females) who underwent surgery at our center were studied. The mean age at the time of surgery was 16 ± 7.7 years (range: 5-35 years). We found that factors such as age of strabismus onset, type of deviation, and amblyopia had a statistically significant influence on the postoperative surgical outcome. A statistically insignificant relationship was noted with gender, refractive error, and duration of strabismus. Patients who had strabismus after six months of age noticed a significant improvement in stereopsis (p-value = 0.000) than those who had strabismus before six months of age (p-value = 0.660). Further, there was a statistically significant improvement in patients having exotropia (p-value = 0.018) or combined horizontal and vertical deviations (p-value = 0.000), but there was no significant improvement in patients with esotropia (p-value = 0.180). Moreover, non-amblyopes had a significantly better postoperative stereopsis than amblyopes (p-value = 0.006). Although there was no association between preoperative deviation and improvement in stereopsis (p-value = 0.081), patients having preoperative deviation in the range of 31-45 PD had a statistically significant improvement in stereopsis (p-value = 0.000). There was no significant difference between postoperative residual deviation and final stereopsis (p-value > 0.05). All the results were the same for both the Titmus test and the random dot test. Binocular fusion was observed in 34 subjects, and uniocular suppression was noted in 38 subjects preoperatively. It was observed that only one patient gained binocular single vision postoperatively. Conclusion:The presence of amblyopia, esotropia, early onset of strabismus (within six months of age), and a larger preoperative deviation (>45 PD) were associated with poorer stereopsis. In patients with horizontal strabismus, the coexistence of vertical deviation had a positive impact on the postoperative stereopsis. Gender, refractive error, and duration of strabismus did not influence the final stereopsis in our study.

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Ocular manifestations due to cysticercosis may involve the vitreous cavity or subretinal space in the posterior segment of the eye. Management of subretinal cysticercosis is challenging, especially if it involves the submacular region. Removal of submacular cysticercosis (SMC) requires utmost care and competent expertise. In recent times, modern vitreo-retinal equipment has improved the outcome of SMC. On the contrary, untreated SMC run a high risk of spontaneous rupture, liberation of toxin from dying worm, and intense intraocular inflammation threatening vision eventually. In the present report, two cases of SMC were discussed who presented to us within a span of 1 week. We described the course of disease and final outcome in these two patients (one underwent surgical removal while other denied surgery) highlighting the urgent need of cyst removal in such scenarios.

Background/ Purpose Multiple serous pigment epithelium detachments (PEDs) have been infrequently reported. We report a case of a young female with bilateral innumerable serosanguinous PEDs, giving an appearance of multiple blisters. Methods A 26-year-old female presented with sudden onset diminution of vision in left eye. She had bilateral innumerable translucent blister-like elevations of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and a few hemorrhagic blister-like elevations at macula and submacular blood in left eye. Multi-modal fundus imaging was performed. Pneumatic displacement and intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was performed in left eye. Results optical coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed multiple serous PEDs with pachychoroid morphology in both eyes and few hemorrhagic PEDs at the macula in left eye. The lesions were hypoautofluorescent with a halo of hyperautofluorescence. Fluorescein angiography revealed pooling into the serous PEDs in both eyes and few late leakage points in the area of blocked fluorescence at the macula in left eye. One-month following the intervention, subretinal blood had partially displaced with modest visual acuity gain. However, the patient refused further intravitreal injections. Conclusion Bilateral extensive serous PEDs, to the extent noted in this case, have not been previously reported. A widespread RPE-Bruch's membrane defect is suspected.