Purpose:The objective of this study is to investigates the relationship between domestic violence and use of contraception among married women in rural India.Data:Third round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-III).Methodology:Cross tabulation as bivariate analysis and Binary Logistic Regression as multivariate analysis has been employed to fulfill the objective.Findings:The result shows that there are several hidden factors. between physical violence and contraception use. Alternate explanatory variables are significantly affected the use of contraception. With physical violence which reflects that there is a relationship between physical violence and socioeconomic status such as education, awareness, empowerment of women and subsequently the use of contraception.Originality/value:The paper throws light on the hidden factors which are obstacle in use of contraception with physical violence. Results of this study have potentially important implications for programs aimed at preventing violence and promoting family planning programs.

Sporadic evidence is available on the association of consuming multiple substances with the risk of hypertension among adults in India where there is a substantial rise in cases. This study assesses the mutually exclusive and mixed consumption patterns of alcohol, tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco use and their association with hypertension among the adult population in India. Nationally representative samples of men and women drawn from the National Family and Health Survey (2015–2016) were analyzed. A clinical blood pressure measurement above 140 mmHg (systolic blood pressure) and 90 mmHg (diastolic blood pressure) was considered in the study as hypertension. Association between mutually exclusive categories of alcohol, tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco and hypertension were examined using multivariate binary logistic regression models. Daily consumption of alcohol among male smokeless tobacco users had the highest likelihood to be hypertensive (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.99–2.71) compared to the no-substance-users. Women who smoked, and those who used any smokeless tobacco with a daily intake of alcohol had 71% (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.14–2.56) and 51% (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.25–1.82) higher probability of being hypertensive compared to the no-substance-users, respectively. In order to curb the burden of hypertension among the population, there is a need for an integrated and more focused intervention addressing the consumption behavior of alcohol and tobacco.

Globally, 5.2 million children have died before completing five years of age in 2019, wherein about 49 percent of all under-five mortality occurred in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). 1 Preventable and modifiable illnesses such as pneumonia and other acute respiratory infections were the major causes of under-five mortality worldwide. 2 Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are acute infections of the upper and lower respiratory system, 3 the most common symptoms of ARI recorded globally are cough, blocked or running nose, short breaths, and throat and ear ache. 4 About, 40 percent of the global under-five ARI mortality burden is shared by South Asian countries, 5 wherein about 165 000 children younger than 5 years die every year from lower respiratory infections. 6 Also, India solely accounted to the 15 percent of under-five ARI mortality in 2018. 7 The high prevalence of ARI is mostly observed in LMICs due to the inadequate and nonaccessible medical health facilities and services. 8

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