Crocus baalbekensis K. Addam & M. Bou Hamdan sp. Nov is nominated as a novel species in addition to its three forms from Baalbek District, northeast of Lebanon. The new species resembles Crocus aleppicus and Crocus hyemalis but varies in terms of phytogeography, phenology, and some taxonomic structures such as (corm, tunic, leaves, and shape of the perianth, segment and others). Thousands of this new species were perceived in countless villages in the northern city of Baalbek. It grows in cold semi-arid climates in stony grasslands, tundra where trees are absent. Plant material and morphological analyses were done, measurements, colors, and other details given in the description are based on both herbarium and fresh materials. Morphological data were taken from more than 10 specimens. The flower is 1-6, 30-40mm tall, white, fragrant (Fresia smell), corm oblong conical about 20-26mm x 14-20mm in diameter. Corm tunic 4-10 layers, brown, extended neck 10-20mm, great build-up of old tunics, coarse parallel fibers, not glued together, with cross-links. Leaves 4-12 (present at flowering), green, glabrous, white stripe about 1/4 of leaf keels, Spathe, 3-4, membranous white to pale yellow pipe. Outer perianth segment, 3, oblanceolate, abaxial side is colored by yellow, mottled by dark blue–violet, middle (1 to 3) stripe of dark violates veins continue to the segment, filament, 3, deep yellow, Anther, wide, arrow shape, longitudinally striped in black and yellow. Style 1, deep yellow to orange, sometimes striped by thinner black lines, divided to 3 stigmas, equal or longer than the stamen. Stigma (each one) is branched to 3-6 short strands. Voucher specimen (Holotype) is deposited in K. Addam’s Herbarium Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon, Accession No.: 22-1-17-58-001. The three forms resemble Crocus baalbekensis but differ in the color of the tepals.

A new subspecies, Ophrys holoserica (Burm.f.) Greuter subsp. shoufensis subsp. novo K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan from the Orchidaceae family and related to the Ophrys holoserica group, is found and morphologically described as well as illustrated for the first time in Lebanon. The new subspecies share some main characteristics of Ophrys holoserica but contrasts in many taxonomic and morphological details such as the size of the flower (smaller), color of the labellum (blur yellow from up and very light brow from down), outlook (the whole flower is super fine) and habitat. The study discusses, examines, and offers taxonomic description, pertinent information, and photographs found all over 10 years of field work. It also includes observations, fresh collection, and one holotype.

Significant new species that belong to diverse genera and families were recorded to exist in Lebanon during our continuous non-stop field survey all over the country. The authors gathered some exceptional taxa from distinctive locations and habitats of the country, which were not reported so far in the flora documentation with the exception of Quercus libani, that is regarded as a very atypical species (for Lebanon) discovered for the first time after Post in 1932. The current paper deals with the records Anchusa milleri Lam. ex Spreng, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze., Eminium heterophyllum (Blume) Schott., Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Euphorbia serpens Kunth, Hypericum olivieri (Spach) Boiss., Kickxia cirrhosa (L.) Fritsch., Lamium macrodon Boiss. & A.Huet,  Onosma fruticosum Sm.lder, Plantago crypsoides Boiss., Platanthera holmboei H.Lindb.,  Potamogeton perfoliatus L.,  Quercus libani G.Olivier, Rhamnus kurdica Boiss. & Hohen., Tulipa biflora Pall. and Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter. The plants were photographed, collected, dried and herbarium specimens were prepared and deposited in K. Addam's Herbarium AUL University (Lebanon). Their taxonomical and ecological characters as well as their geographical distributions were exhibited. New Taxa (representing 14 genera in 12 families of flowering plants) were recognized with the reference of different floras and recent literature for their authentication. The present study also files them with updated nomenclature, descriptions, and notes on phenology and images for their easy identity.

Romulea jezzinis K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan sp. nov from Kfar Houneh and Aaramta (Jezzine District) and Romulea libanotica K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan sp. nov from Jabal Niha and Tawmat Niha (Al Shouf District) are nominated as novel species. Not only do the new two species vary from other existing Romulea in terms of taxonomic structures such as (corm, tunic, leaves, shape of the perianth, segment flower, flower tube, style, filaments, anthers, seeds, color of the pollen and others), but they also vary from Lebanese Romulea. They are depicted by cold winters with frequent precipitation as snow (annual rainfall 600-1000ml). Plant material and morphological analyses are done, measurements, colors, and other details given in the description are based on both herbarium and fresh materials. Morphological data were taken from more than 10 specimens of each. Romulea jezzinis; Plant, green with striped funnel-shaped dark blue, violet blue, dark violet-blue or pale blue flowers. Corm, ovoid asymmetrical, with a narrow semicircle shaped bottom protuberance, corm tunic, 2-4 layers, leathery, brown to deep brown, imbricate; leaves, (aerial part) 4-5, linear, plicate, grooved at upper surface, erect, or recurved, one to 3 times as long as scape; basal leaf transverse section, oval-elliptical, grooves are circular to longitudinal elliptical, filament white speckled with blue or violet blue, thick, sometimes little hairy below, anther, white grooved and stripped on its outer and inner face edges by blue or violet blue, style (at perianth segments), blue or violet blue (pale on its bottom third), glabrous, grooved, much longer than stamens, stigma, branching into 3 short, curved strands and each one branches into two (stigma always overtops anthers), seeds, (up to 24 seeds in each capsule), nearly globular to ovate, pale brown to brown, and has a reticulate-foveate surface. Romulea libanotica; Plant green, with funnel-shaped blue or violet-blue striped white flowers, 80-200 mm high. Corm, ovoid, asymmetrical with a semicircle shaped bottom protuberance up to 3 stems can grow from the same corm at the same time, corm tunic, 3-6 layers, leathery, deep brown, imbricate, leaves, 3-8, linear, plicate, grooved at upper surface, erect, or recurved, one to two and a half as long as scape, inflorescence up to 5 flowers; Anther, 3, pale yellow (with dark yellow pollens), linear, grooved, longer than filament, style (at perianth segments), 1, white, glabrous, non-grooved, much longer than stamens, bifid on its last quarter to form stigma, stigma, 3, branching into 6 short, curved strands, overtops anthers; capsule, 1-5, elliptical with direct pedicel, up to 30 seeds in each capsule, seeds, nearly globular to ovate, brown to reddish brown, and has a reticulate-alveolate surface up to 30 seeds in each capsule.. Voucher specimens (Holotypes) are deposited in K. Addam Herbarium Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon. More descriptions, illustrations and notes on distribution and ecology are provided inside the publication. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the present work is to inspect the morpho-anatomical features of two species of Romulea to attest the discovery of two new world records. The gathered data and captured photographs of these two new species’ fresh samples resulting from this study will be helpful in the morphological descriptions and the works related to the flora of Lebanon. Most of the anatomical findings are obtained for the first time and the results are reliable sources for identifying Romulea’s new taxa.