247 salivary gland lesions were subjected to fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology; 179 were designated as neoplastic lesions and 68 as non-neoplastic. Based on cytomorphologic features, the neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions were subcategorised. All but 36 of the neoplastic lesions were subjected to histopathologic study. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology for neoplastic lesions was 91%. The sensitivity rate for detecting malignant tumours was 87.8% and the specificity 98.0%. There was 100% sensitivity for cytodiagnosis of benign tumours. The high sensitivity and specificity of cytodiagnosis makes FNA cytology a valuable diagnostic modality in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions.

Crystalline structures measuring < 800 microns in length, were found in smears of a fine-needle aspirate of a cystic lesion in a parotid salivary gland. Numerous neutrophil leukocytes were also present, intimately mixed with the crystalloids. The lesion was re-aspirated and the cyst completely evacuated, with no recurrence after a 6-month follow up.

Purpose To list the clinico-epidemiological profile and possible risk factors of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (CA-ROCM) patients presenting to a COVID dedicated hospital during the second wave of COVID-19 in India. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional, single-center study was done on 60 cases of probable CA-ROCM based on clinical features and supportive diagnostic nasal endoscopic findings and/or radiologic findings. Patients with recent or active COVID-19 were included. The demographic profile, clinical features, possible risk factors and diagnostic workup (microbiological, pathological and radiological) were analysed to identify the triggering factors for CA-ROCM. Results The age of patients ranged from 29 to 75 years and male–female ratio was 3:1. The duration between the first positive COVID report and onset of CA-ROCM was 0 to 47 days. Forty-nine (81.66%) patients had a recent COVID infection and 11 (18.33%) had active COVID infection at presentation. Thirty-five patients (58%) had ocular/orbital involvement at presentation. In the affected eye, 10 had no perception of light and in the rest visual acuity ranged from log MAR 0 to +1.5. Ocular manifestations were ptosis (29), ophthalmoplegia (23), periocular tenderness and edema (33), proptosis (14), black discoloration of eyelids (3), facial palsy (3), endophthalmitis (4), retinal artery occlusion (8), disc edema (4) and disc pallor (5). Twenty-two (25%) patients had neither received steroids nor oxygen. Thirty patients (50%) were managed with oxygen while 38 patients (63.3%) with systemic steroids. The most common risk factor was diabetes in 59 patients. The average glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 10.31 ± 2.59%. Systemic Amphotericin B was started in all the patients. Radical surgical debridement was performed in 12 patients and the remaining were planned. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 variant with accompanying glycaemic dysregulation was found to be the triggering factor for the epidemic of CA-ROCM.

Vascular tumors are rare in female genital tract (FGT). The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of vascular tumors in FGT and to highlight their clinicopathologic features. As a retrospective study, clinical features including imaging studies, gross findings, and microscopic features of cases (ten) diagnosed as having vascular tumors of FGT over 4 years were reviewed. The age range of our cases was 12-52 years. The presenting complaint was abdominal pain/mass, postcoital bleeding, and vaginal and vulval mass. In most cases, duration of symptoms was 6 months to 2 years. Only one case had a long-standing history of 8 years. The vascular tumors occurred most commonly in ovary (six), followed by vulva (two), and one each in cervix and vagina. Clinical diagnoses ranged from cystadenoma in ovarian tumors to endocervical polyp in cervical tumor. Histologically, all were benign vascular neoplasms, ranging from hemangioma (five), lymphangioma (one), lymphangioma circumscriptum (one) to angiomatosis (two) and arteriovenous malformation (one). Thus, we conclude that vascular lesions in FGT can present with symptoms similar to epithelial malignancies and may lead to unwarranted radical surgery. Vascular lesions of cervix and vulvovaginal region pose special problem during pregnancy. Risk of Kasabach-Merritt coagulopathy has to be considered in larger vascular tumors. Most of these cases can be treated by surgery.

Background:Epidermal inclusion cyst in the breast (EICB) is very rare. It presents as breast lump mainly in peri-areolar region and needs to be differentiated from other breast lesions with predominance of squamous cells.Aim:To analyze the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in patients presenting with breast lump.Materials and Methods:The present study is a retrospective study over the period of past 2 years, where the patients presented with firm breast lumps. Six of these cases were diagnosed as EICB on FNAC. Smears from these cases were reviewed for cytomorphological findings and correlated with clinico-radiological details.Results:Patients ranged in age from 25 to 60 years, and female to male sex ratio was 2:1 (female 4, male 2). Mammography was done in women (4), which showed solid, well-defined mass lesions in peri-areolar region and were suggestive of benign breast lesions (3) and infective lesion (1). FNA was performed; Giemsa-stained smears showed predominantly mature benign squamous cell and anucleated squames in all cases, thus one of the cytological diagnoses was EICB. Five of these cases had histological confirmation.Conclusion:EIC of breast is not that rare lesion as considered. The patients may not seek medical attention because of small painless swelling; unless the lump increases in size or becomes painful. FNAC is confirmatory in the presence of a typical pultaceous aspirate and cytomorphological features of EIC. Thus, FNAC plays a crucial role in its diagnosis and management. Symptomatic cases should be readily excised and need histological correlation to rule out any potential complications that can arise in these cysts.