The world is currently grappling with a dual pandemic of diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 . Several articles published in the recent issues of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and elsewhere have raised concerns about a bi-directional relationship between these two health conditions. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] It is now undoubtedly proven that diabetes is associated with a poor prognosis of COVID-19. 6,[9][10][11][12][13] On the other hand, COVID-19 patients with diabetes frequently experience uncontrolled hyperglycaemia and episodes of acute hyperglycaemic crisis, requiring exceptionally high doses of insulin. 1,2,5,7,9,14 More intriguingly, recent reports show that newly diagnosed diabetes is commonly observed in COVID-19 patients. 2,3,5,15 However, this has not been systematically studied before. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the proportion of newly diagnosed diabetes in COVID-19 patients. This study was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 16 and Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) 17 guidelines (see Figure S1 and Table S1 for checklists), and is registered with PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42020200432). Two authors (TS and YC) independently searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases and preprint servers (medRxiv and Research Square) until 2 November 2020.We considered observational studies providing data on the number or proportion of COVID-19 patients (laboratory confirmed or clinically diagnosed) with newly diagnosed diabetes. We excluded observational studies that were conducted only among patients with diabetes, case reports, case series, letters, editorials, commentaries and review articles. Newly diagnosed diabetes was defined as new-onset diabetes

Bone is a dynamic tissue which undergoes constant remodeling throughout the life span. Bone turnover is balanced with coupling of bone formation and resorption at various rates leading to continuous remodeling of bone. A study of bone turnover markers (BTMs) provides an insight of the dynamics of bone turnover in many metabolic bone disorders. An increase in bone turnover seen with aging and pathological states such as osteoporosis leads to deterioration of bone microarchitecture and thus contributes to an increase in the risk of fracture independent of low bone mineral density (BMD). These microarchitectural alterations affecting the bone quality can be assessed by BTMs and thus may serve as a complementary tool to BMD in the assessment of fracture risk. A systematic search of literature regarding BTMs was carried out using the PubMed database for the purpose of this review. Various reliable, rapid, and cost-effective automated assays of BTMs with good sensitivity are available for the management of osteoporosis. However, BTMs are subjected to various preanalytical and analytical variations necessitating strict sample collection and assays methods along with utilizing ethnicity-based reference standards for different populations. Estimation of fracture risk and monitoring the adherence and response to therapy, which is a challenge in a chronic, asymptomatic disease such as osteoporosis, are the most important applications of measuring BTMs. This review describes the physiology of bone remodeling, various conventional and novel BTMs, and BTM assays and their role in the assessment of fracture risk and monitoring response to treatment with antiresorptive or anabolic agents.

Background Cardiometabolic disorders are frequently observed among those who have obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI). However, there is limited data available on the cardiometabolic profile of those who are non-obese by BMI but with a high body fat percentage (BFP), a phenotype frequently observed in the Indian population. We examined the prevalence of individuals with normal weight obesity (NWO) and the cardiometabolic profile of NWO individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes(T2D) in a south Asian population.