Agriculture sector has been greatly influenced by the recent advances in electrical engineering. Nitrogen (N), from fertilizer, remains one of the largest input to surface and groundwater contamination, resulting in environmental and human health degradation. This paper explores the use of wireless potentiometry in field settings for in situ N monitoring. We report a disposable IoT gardening soil sheet, capable of analyzing real-time soil nitrate concentration during leaching and irrigation events. The nitrate doped polypyrrole ion selective electrode (N-doped PPy ISE) sensor array sheet features a fault tolerant circuit design multiplexed to an oxidation and reduction potentiometer that can rapidly detect nitrate levels in soil leachates. Measurement data are transmitted via Waspmote ZB Pro SMA 5dBi radio, 6600mAh rechargeable battery, 7.4-volt solar panel, and a Meshlium ZigBee PRO access point to cloud server and mobile device. This paper investigates the gardening IoT sheets as a viable tool for in situ nitrate mapping, and to potentially help everyday home and commercial gardeners reduce excessive fertilizer application.

Aims: To assess the effects of different selective complex growth media: Yeast Extract Peptone (YEP), Yeast Extract Mannitol (YEM), and Luria Bertani (LB) on growth and multiplication of three different strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Place and Duration of Study: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genetics and Tree Improvement Division, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, between July and December 2020. Methodology: Three strains of Agrobacterium (EHA105, GV3101 and LBA4404) were inoculated to grow on three different complex nutrient media (YEP, YEM, LB) supplemented with respective antibiotics for a period of 30 hours. Optical Density (O.D) at 600 nm was measured at every 3-hour interval to analyze differential growth pattern. Results: Though all the three nutrient media supported the growth of bacteria, YEP medium supported the fast growth of all strains of bacteria, LB medium was a little less efficient but comparable to YEP media. However, YEM medium proved the least supportive for bacterial growth among the three media types. Conclusion: Agrobacterium is used for genetic transformation of plant species and crop improvement. knowledge of the growth pattern of bacteria is necessary for the effective infection of plant material. We have analyzed that three strains of Agrobacterium on three different complex media, among the three media YEP media was supporting fast growth. This study can help the researchers to gain knowledge of the growth pattern of Agrobacterium to be used in the genetic transformation of plant species accordingly.