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A Deus, pela vida.A minha família, por compreender a ausência, pelo apoio nos momentos difíceis e pela alegria a cada reencontro.Ao Prof. Osni José Pejon, pela oportunidade concedida e pela paciência em orientar este trabalho e contribuir com meu crescimento profissional.À CAPES e à FAPESP que financiaram esta pesquisa. À Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, pela infra-estrutura colocada à disposição.Aos professores do Departamento de Geotecnia que contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de uma técnica para levantamento e diagnóstico geológico-geotécnico de áreas degradadas e em processo de degradação em ambientes urbanos, utilizando-se como ferramenta o geoprocessamento. A área de estudo é a cidade de São Carlos -SP (área urbana e de expansão). Os dados apresentados foram obtidos de trabalhos realizados anteriormente e com o uso de geoprocessamento, técnicas de fotointerpretação e mapeamento geotécnico. As informações do meio físico já existentes e as informações produzidas foram integradas e representadas no Sistema de Informações Geográficas (Spring 4.2 -Câmara et al. 1996), associado ao banco de dados. As ferramentas disponibilizadas pelo Spring 4.2 permitiram sobrepor os diferentes atributos inseridos em tabelas e nos documentos cartográficos e, com isso, agilizaram as análises e promoveram conclusões mais precisas a respeito do meio físico da cidade de São Carlos. O estudo permitiu identificar que a maioria das degradações encontradas na cidade foram causadas pela ocupação inadequada que não considerou as condições ambientais existentes, resultando em danos ao meio físico e, consequentemente, à qualidade de vida da população urbana.Palavras-chave: áreas degradadas, SIG, mapeamento geotécnico, ocupação urbana.Abstract Use of geographic information system in studies of environmental degradation: the case of the city São Carlos (SP). This work presents a methodology of engineering geological survey of land degradation in urban environments using geoprocessing tools. The studied area is São Carlos city, state of São Paulo (urban and expansion area). The data presented were obtained of early studies made, and through the use of geographical information system, photointerpretation, and engineering geological mapping. Both existing and produced environmental information were integrated and represented in the geographical information system (Spring 4.2), and associated to the data base. The tools contained in the Spring 4.2 allowed to overlay the different attributes inserted in tables and cartographic documents and speed up the analysis and promote conclusions with more accuracy about physical environment of São Carlos city. This study allowed to identify that the majority of the degradations found in the city were caused by the inadequate occupation that did not consider environment conditions, resulting in damages to the environment and, therefore, to the quality of life of the urban population.

Accessibility is a well-established concept in sustainable transportation literature; however, it is often measured through accessibility models that are still being developed. This article presents an accessibility evaluation model that applies multiple attributes, fuzzy functions, and spatial analysis tools. The model determines indices that reflect an average level of attractiveness for each potential destination (deemed a location of interest-LI). Each destination has different weights based on its degree of importance. Moreover, the model was developed in two phases: The first considered cost-distance metrics, and the second incorporated ground friction factors. The application of the model provides great contribution to the region under study (Campos do Jordão, a city located in a mountainous region of the state of São Paulo), thus presenting some implications for sustainable urban planning and mobility policies, especially in segregated areas with mixed inhabitant populations between tourists and local residents. The results have shown that special attention should be paid to planning new school facilities and city transportation systems. Most of these services are currently concentrated in the city's downtown area, making access to urban facilities inefficient and unfair. Using the results in urban projects, the allocation of future urban facilities or the reallocation of current urban facilities contributes to reduced impacts on urban mobility caused by individual motorized transportation in daily activities.increasing quality of life as well as sustainable development, while also influencing the relationship of the spatial position of the dwelling in relation to the opportunities. The ability, quantity, and diversity of possibilities to access activities, services, places, information, and other people is an essential issue in the quality of urban space, serving as a counterpoint to the fragmentation and dispersion found in many contemporary cities [3].The value of accessibility as an integrative device, particularly in its ability to establish a connection between transportation and land use, has recently gained ground in institutions that can effectively wield it as a planning tool [4,5]. Murawskia and Church [6] introduced a model that can be used to maximize access to health facilities by making selected improvements to the road system. Paez et al. [7] illustrated how positive and normative accessibility indicators can be used in tandem, testing the extent to which the behavioral experiences of individuals conform to an existing policy or suggested norm. The pedestrian scale accessibility was studied by Foti and Waddell [8] through a hierarchical graph of tradeoffs between modes and integration of micro-scale land-use data to measure the full range of alternative destinations in the city. Campbell et al. [9] showed that place-based accessibility is comparatively better in contour and gravity measures. However, the wealthiest areas have very low levels of place-based accessibility for all modes, whi...

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