Background University students use caffeine to cope with stress in spite of its adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to explore caffeine consumption among university students in Saudi Arabia, as well as its correlation with stress and caffeine intoxication. This cross-sectional study examined a convenience sample of 547 students at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU). A self-administrated questionnaire was used to assess caffeine consumption in milligrams per day, stress was assessed by the perceived stress scale (PSS), and caffeine intoxication was assessed using the DSM-5 criteria. Results The mean total caffeine consumption was 424.69 ± 385.31 mg/day. High levels of caffeine consumption were found among students of non-health colleges and students who were undiagnosed with psychiatric disorders (p values <0.040 and 0.027, respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between caffeine consumption and perceived stress (p<0.045). Only 13.26% of all participants fulfilled the DSM-5 criteria for caffeine use disorder. The majority of participants showed moderate and high stress levels (69.9% and 18.7%). Conclusion This study revealed high caffeine consumption and perceived stress levels among female undergraduate students with a significant positive association between them. The results emphasize the importance of educational campaigns about caffeine consumption and intoxication. They also encourage the development of stress management programs. Longitudinal studies need to be designed for evidence-based intervention.

Childhood obesity has become a notable health concern in the world. According to American Medical Association (AMA), obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2. Childhood obesity is classified into three main categories, polygenic obesity, which is the most common form; followed by monogenic obesity, which is rare; and non-syndromic obesity. The management of childhood obesity is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. For monogenic obesity, several treatment options have been investigated. Long-term body weight maintenance is challenging. This review aimed to provide an overview of monogenic obesity, its mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment options. Monogenic forms of childhood obesity are rare. However, early diagnosis using whole-exome sequencing is needed to identify the causes of obesity and its associated anomalies for subsequent treatment. In addition, the early initiation of a multidisciplinary management approach is essential to prevent long-term morbidity and mortality. Several new treatment options have recently emerged, which could, in combination with lifestyle modifications, provide a favorable outcome for patients with non-syndromic forms of obesity.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate functional abdominal pain disorders and functional constipation prevalence in the central region of Saudi Arabia, and compare it to that of the western region. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using online questionnaires targeting the general population of Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. Subjects were randomly selected by sharing links on social media groups. Any parent with a 3–18-year-old child was included, and children with chronic medical illnesses or symptoms of organic GI disorders were excluded. Results: Three hundred nineteen subjects were included in the final analysis; the prevalence of functional abdominal pain disorders overall was 6.2% and the prevalence of functional constipation was 8.1%. Conclusions: Functional constipation diagnosis seems to be affected by life stressors or a previous viral illness. Seasonal variations had minimal effect on functional abdominal pain disorder and functional constipation symptom frequency and severity.