Effect of ball scribing on relative permeability of conventional grain-oriented (CGO) and high permeability grain-oriented (HGO) electrical steel was investigated. The samples were scribed with spacing of 2 mm, 4 mm, 8 mm and 16 mm. The results show that after ball scribing with 16 mm width at 1.0 T, relative permeability of both CGO and HGO steels was increased by 109% and 80%, respectively. Relative permeability rises as the scribing space increases, with the movement of the peak value of relative permeability to a higher flux density. Relational models describing relative permeability and flux density were constructed with high accuracy based on experimental data. The experimental data curves were analyzed during the magnetizing process.

Many countries are faced with different challenges in the deployment of 5G mobile wireless communication technology. These challenges have delayed the smooth rollout of this technology in these countries. Nigeria has its own issues that have hindered the implementation of this technology in the country. This paper discusses these challenges and suggestions made on what to do for the implementation of 5G technology. A survey was done by visiting and obtaining reports from two major players in the industry as well as understudying actions taken by other nations in tackling similar problems related to 5G network implementation. Based on the information gathered both from the industry and related literature some useful suggestions such as improved fiber infrastructure and relaxing regulatory barriers to encourage investors were made as a way forward for the full implementation and operation of the 5G technology in Nigeria.

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This work presents a leave management solution where leave requests by University academic staff are processed with service delivery centered yardsticks like staff mix by rank and lecturer-to-student ratio. This leave management solution is intended to interface with a staff database, course registration system and a staff appraisal system. In working mechanism, it is an algorithm that assesses leave requests and schedules the leave requested for periods having least impact on staff mix by rank and lecturer-to-students ratio. In the Nigerian university system, leave can be managed to avail academic staff for training, research and even rest. In pursuance of these, human resource planners may overcommit staff to it, leaving the system understaffed at key moments, or under commit to it and lose out on the benefits. Either way, service delivery is adversely affected. The algorithm was developed following iterative incremental process model, in three increments, each executing their corresponding set of requirements. The algorithm was implemented using MATLAB. The work features generation of sample data of academic staff in a particular engineering degree program, sorting of that data into staff mix by rank, and then computation of available and recommended staff mix by rank given the number of students the engineering program has. The algorithm schedules leave for periods of least impact on service delivery of University academic staff by picking the year with the least shortfall in available staff mix considering the recommended staff mix.