This paper reviews the current state of bio-processing of market waste to poultry feed in Uganda. A focus was put on crop wastes since previous studies have indicated that, they contribute the biggest percentage (about 90%) of the total organic waste generated in markets. These wastes majorly comprise of fruits and vegetables like mangoes, pineapples, jackfruit, watermelon, cabbage among others. They are usually in form of residual stalks, leaves, peels, and damaged/rotten crops. Crop wastes are rich in various bioactive and nutraceutical compounds, like carotenoids, polyphenols and dietary fiber. The wastes are a major worthwhile raw material and present feasible solutions to the problems of poultry feed scarcity and high costs associated with the conventional feed stuffs. This transformation can be achieved by developing appropriate technologies for valorization of wastes by nutrient enrichment. In concern to this, solid state fermentation (SSF) and rearing insects and earthworm using crop wastes are the promising novel technologies. High value added products/feeds can be produced through microbial fermentation of crop wastes. Insect protein can also be produced to replace the expensive silver fish and soybean protein sources. The review indicated that, the technologies have not been fully cherished within the country’s poultry feed industry. All the attempts and work done are still under research and pilot scale level. However, the on-going endeavors are continued widely to better conversion technologies in order to produce products that are safe for poultry feeding. Lastly, the limitations and strategies for processing poultry feed from market waste are reviewed.

Wind power is one of the thriving renewable energy technologies lately in the world. Therefore, the assessment of wind speed data is imperative for a specific site. This study focused on geostatistical modeling of wind speed distribution in Uganda. Wind speed data from 1981 to 2019, recorded at a height of 10 m above mean sea level was captured from NASA POWER Data Access Viewer and analyzed. The study area consisted of 35 stations evenly distributed over the country. Probabilistic assessment was performed using Minitab® statistical software to determine the best-fitting probability distribution function to the data sets. Experimental semi-variograms were calculated using exceedance probability data sets of 20%, 50%, 80%, and 95% obtained from probabilistic analysis. The theoretical models were then fitted to the experimental semi-variograms. Jack-knifing cross-validation approach was employed to assess the performance and validity of the theoretical semi-variogram models and their parameters. Kriging maps for the wind speed of pre-defined probabilities were then generated using JeoStat geostatistical software and Surfers 13®. Of the different theoretical semi-variogram models tested, the spherical model showed the best fit to all experimental semi-variograms. Cross-validation proved that the theoretical models obtained were in good agreement with the experimental data used. The kriging maps revealed that areas around Lake Victoria and Mt. Elgon experience higher wind speeds compared to other parts. Therefore, Kriging maps can be used to assess spatial distribution and magnitude of wind speed as well as the representativeness of geographical locations of observation stations.