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Knowles studied grasshoppers in the genus Melanopus. She collected 1275bp of DNA sequence data from cytochrome oxidase I (COI) from 124 individuals of M. oregonensis and two outgroup speices. The specimens were collected from 15 "sky-island" sites in the northern Rocky Mountains (see Figure 1; [5]). Two alternative hypotheses had been proposed to describe the evolutionary relationships among these grasshoppers (refer to Figure 2 for a pictorial representation):• Widespread ancestor: The existing populations might represent independently derived remnants of a single, widespread population. In this case all of the populations would be equally related to one another.• Multiple glacial refugia: Populations that shared the same refugium will be closely related while those that were in different refugia will be distantly related.