Band structure calculations based on the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent-potential approximation method are used to study the electronic structure and magnetic properties of BCC FeRu alloys within a Ru concentration of 20 at.%, although it is experimentally known that FeRu alloys include the FCC and HCP structures beyond a 5 at.% Ru concentration. The results show that the ruthenium is ferromagnetic in alpha -Fe with a moment of about 0.5mu B and that the ruthenium addition to alpha -Fe enhances the magnetic moment at Fe sites by about 0.02mu B/Ru at.% because of the magnetovolume effect and large spin splitting by Ru addition. The density of states calculated in the paramagnetic state shows that the strong d-d hybridization between Fe and Ru causes the spin splitting of Ru. The BCC structure is important in the process of Ru becoming ferromagnetic. We have clarified the reason why the average magnetic moment of the FeRu BCC alloy scarcely decreases with the Ru addition.

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1) The amount of dyes adsorbed by Cellophane from two mixture dyeings of Chlorazol Sky Blue FF and Chrysophenine G, and Chlorazol Sky Blue FF and p-nitroaniline →γ acid (α-coupling) was measured. Further, the amount in case of single dyeing was also measured. 2) It was assumed that the reduction in adsorption of dyes from mixture dyeing is due to an interaction between the two dyes in the dyebath, and that this interaction means only the formation of complexes. On this assumption, the instability constant in the case of the pair of Blue dye and Yellow dye was calculated, according to the mass action law, but it was impossible to calculate it in the case of the pair of Acid dye and Blue dye, because the composition of complexes of this pair was not constant. 3) How the amount of Blue dye adsorbed from mixture dyeing varies with the sort and the concentration of its partner dye and with the dyeing temperature was discussed from the standpoint of the instability constant and the affinity.

1) The absorption spectra of some naphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives have been determined in various pH solutions. 2) The remarkable spectral change revealed by the variation in pH value can be interpreted in terms of the process of the proton association and dissociation of the functional groups. 3) The pH region in which the process takes place is characteristic of the kinds, –NH2, –OH, and the number of the functional groups and their locations on the naphthalene skeleton. 4) The relative pH regions have been explained in outline by taking into account the effects of the sulfonic group, the intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between the functional groups, and the resonance of the functional group to the link. 5) The band assignment concerning the transition direction of the derivatives has been decided; the first and the second band correspond, respectively, to the 1La and 1Bb of naphthalene. 6) The order of the magnitude of the substitution effect has been clarified as –NH3+< –OH<–NH2<–O−.

1. The absorption spectra of the dyes prepared by coupling disazotized 2S-, H-, chromotropic, NW-, γ- and J- acid with dianisidine, and of their copper derivatives were observed in aqueous solutions of the binary mixture with Chrysophenine G, and were compared with the sum curves of the component absorption spectra. 2. The order of the equilibrium constants for a 1:1 complex formed between the dyes not containing copper and Chrysophenine G was parallel to the respective values of the difference in wave number (Δν cm−1) between maximum positions in the region of 390∼420 mμ of the curve simply added and that observed with the equimolar binary mixture of about 1×10−5mol./1.; it was also parallel to those of the decreasing ratio in optical density (ΔD⁄D) of the mixed system at the first maximum position of the sum curve. 3. Under the same conditions as above, Δν and ΔD⁄D were also determined for the mixture of the copper derivatives and Chrysophenine G. In this case, the copper derivatives of 2S-, H-, and chromotropic acid, in the presence of effective auxochromes, still revealed large values of Δν (ca. 1000 cm−1) and ΔD⁄D (ca. 15%), while the values for the rest of the derivatives were almost zero. 4. Discussing the above results, it was shown that in order to display a spectral change due to the formation of a 1:1 complex in a binary mixture with Chrysophenine G, it is necessary that the partner dye has effective auxochromes (amino, hydroxyl) as terminal groups of a conjugated system. It was also shown that the sulfonic groups which are attached to the terminal naphthalene nuclei act on the structure of the dye itself as a steric factor rather than as an electric effect (repulsion) between the ionic charges in the groups and those of Chrysophenine G, and that the more planar structure, resulting in a smaller steric effect, produces more complex.