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BackgroundMitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenine (Mt5178 C/A) polymorphism reportedly modulates the effects of coffee consumption on the risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia and abnormal glucose tolerance. The objective of this analysis was to investigate whether Mt5178 C/A polymorphism modifies the effects of coffee consumption on erythrocytic parameters in male Japanese health check-up examinees.MethodsA total of 436 men (mean age ± standard deviation, 54.1 ± 7.8 years) were selected from among individuals visiting the hospital for regular medical check-ups. After Mt5178 C/A genotyping, an exploratory cross-sectional analysis assessing the joint effects of Mt5178 C/A polymorphism and coffee consumption on red blood cell counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin was conducted.ResultsFor Mt5178C genotypic men, after adjustment for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, habitual smoking and green tea consumption, coffee consumption significantly decreased red blood cell counts (P for trend = 0.022) and hemoglobin (P for trend = 0.035). The risk of anemia, defined as hemoglobin of <14 g/dL, after the aforementioned adjustment, appeared to depend on coffee consumption (P for trend = 0.078), and the adjusted odds ratio for anemia was significantly higher in men who consumed ≥4 cups of coffee per day than in those who consumed <1 cup per day (odds ratio = 3.771, 95% confidence interval: 1.088 to 13.06, P = 0.036). For Mt5178A genotypic men, coffee consumption possibly reduced the risk of anemia (P for trend = 0.049). However, after the aforementioned adjustment, the statistical significance disappeared (P for trend = 0.137).ConclusionsThis exploratory cross-sectional analysis suggests that Mt5178 C/A polymorphism modulates the effects of coffee consumption on erythrocytic parameters and the risk of anemia in male Japanese health check-up examinees.

PurposeAlthough gender differences have been reported in various aspects of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as prevalence, comorbidities, and social functioning, there have been few such studies conducted in Japan. Our research investigated gender differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of adults with ADHD in a Japanese clinical sample. Due to unique Japanese cultural ideals and expectations of women’s behavior that are in opposition to ADHD symptoms, we hypothesized that women with ADHD experience more difficulties and present more dysfunctions than men. We tested the following hypotheses: first, women with ADHD have more comorbidities than men with ADHD; second, women with ADHD experience more social hardships than men, such as having less full-time employment and being more likely to be divorced.Patients and methodsThe subjects were 335 outpatients with a DSM-5 ADHD diagnosis, who visited our ADHD specialty clinic at Showa University Karasuyama Hospital in central Tokyo between April 2015 and March 2016. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected, and gender differences were compared.ResultsResults fully supported our hypotheses: women had a significantly higher psychiatric comorbidity rate, were significantly less likely to be a full-time employee, and were significantly more likely to be divorced than men with ADHD.ConclusionConsistent with research in other countries, women with ADHD have greater impairments than men with ADHD in Japan. The importance of understanding gender differences of ADHD-diagnosed adults within a sociocultural context is highlighted.

Mitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenine (Mt5178C/A) polymorphism is reported to be associated with longevity and to modify the effects of alcohol consumption or coffee consumption on the risk of hypertension in the Japanese population. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Mt5178C/A polymorphism modifies the effects of green tea consumption on blood pressure or risk of hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men. A total of 394 male subjects (age, 53.9±7.9 years; mean±SD) was selected among individuals visiting the hospital for regular medical check-ups. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥90 mmHg, and/or undergoing antihypertensive drug treatment. After adjustment, irrespective of antihypertensive drug treatment, the association between Mt5178C genotype and hypertension was dependent on green tea consumption (P for trend=0.043 and P for trend=0.011, respectively). In particular, among subjects≥50 years old with Mt5178C, excluding those taking antihypertensive drugs, a significant association between green tea consumption and risk of hypertension was observed (P for trend=0.019), and the odds ratio for hypertension was significantly lower in those who consumed≥6 cups of green tea per day than in those who consumed≤1 cup per day (odds ratio=0.167, 95% confidence interval: 0.033-0.832). On the other hand, the association between Mt5178A genotype and hypertension did not depend on green tea consumption. No consistent association between green tea consumption and blood pressure was observed in either genotype. The present results suggest a joint effect for Mt5178C/A polymorphism and green tea consumption on the risk of hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men.

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