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BackgroundThe relationship between interstitial lung disease (ILD) and rheumatic diseases is well known. Recently, a new clinical entity has been described that relates ILD with autoimmune findings, IPAF (Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features), which allows identifying and condensing non-cataloged diseases with pulmonary and rheumatic involvement.ObjectivesOur aim is to establish which patients with ILD have a rheumatic disease, and which of them meet the IPAF criteria. We analyzed the role of nailfold capillaroscopy in these patients.MethodsThis is a prospective descriptive observational study. The observation period was 2 years (2016-2018), in a county university hospital.Patients diagnosed with ILD of unknown etiology, derived from Pneumology Service, were included. A medical history was obtained focused on autoimmune disease, rheumatological evaluation, rheumatological blood markers and nailfold capillaroscopy, in order to establish whether they had a concomitant rheumatic disease.ResultsThirty patients with ILD were evaluated, with a mean age of 70,5 years (53 - 88). Of the 30 subjects, 12 (40%) had usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), 11 (36.67%) had organizing pneumonia (OP) and 7 (23.33%) had nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). Eleven (36,67%) of the 30 patients had an altered capillaroscopy, 6 of them (54,5%) had a rheumatic disease. In our sample, 5 cases meet diagnostic IPAF criteria, 4 OP and 1 UIP, three of them with altered capillaroscopy.ConclusionIn our serie, one third of the patients were diagnosed with rheumatic disease associated with interstitial lung disease. Of the thirty evaluated patients, 36.67% had altered capillaroscopy, 54.5% presenting concomitant rheumatic disease. Following the IPAF classification criteria, we obtained 5 cases in our sample: four OP and one UIP, 3 of them with altered capillaroscopy. It is important to be aware of this association with a multidisciplinary approach for the adequate diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. ILD Capillaroscopy Raynaud Acropachy Relevant issues Rheumatology diagnosis UIPAltered (angiogenesis)YesYesAldolase, cANCAPolymyalgia rheumaticaUIPAltered (angiogenesis)YesNoANA 1/640 nucleolarSystemic sclerosisUIPAltered (angiogenesis)YesNoCK, aldolase, anti-RoSjögren SyndromeUIPAltered (active pattern)YesNoANA 1/320 speckledSystemic sclerosisUIPNormalNoYesUIPNormalNoYesANA, anit-DNA, pANCA, anti-MPOIgA nephropathyUIPNormalYesNoAnti-PPCIPAFUIPNormalYesYesFR, anti-PPCRheumatoid arthritisUIPNormalNoYesUIPNormalNoYesUIPNormalYesYesANA, aldolase, FR, anti-PPCRheumatoid arthritisUIPNormalYesNoAnti-Ro, anti-LaSjögren SyndromeOPAltered (angiogenesis)YesNoIPAFOPAltered (enlarged capillaries)YesNoAnti-RoIPAFOPAltered (angiogenesis)NoNoANA 1/1280 homIPAFOPNormalNoNoANA 1/320 homIPAFOPNormalNoNoOPNormalNoNoOPNormalNoNo ILD Capillaroscopy Raynaud Acropachy Relevant issues Rheumatology diagnosis OPNormalNoNoOPNormalNoNoOPNormalNoNoOPNormalNoNoNSIPAltered (angiogenesis)NoYesNSIPAltered (Dermatomyositis)NoNoAldolase, anti-Ro, anti-MDA5...

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