Sarcopenia is common in hemodialysis patients, especially in the elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. Various factors may contribute to the occurrence of sarcopenia, such as anabolic and catabolic imbalance. This study aims to investigate the correlation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels as an anabolic factor, myostatin levels, and insulin resistance as catabolic factors with sarcopenia in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 40 subjects aged 60 years or more who undergoing hemodialysis in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya were included in this cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to Asian Working Group Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. IGF-1, myostatin, and insulin resistance levels were measured once before hemodialysis. Subjects with sarcopenia diagnosis were 33 (82.5%), that is, 19 (47.5%) men and 14 (35%) women. There were 28 (70%) of the subjects diagnosed with severe sarcopenia. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the characteristics and geriatric parameters between the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups. There were differences between the two groups in hemoglobin levels, IGF-1 levels, myostatin levels, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels, muscle mass, handgrip strength, body mass index status, mini nutritional assessment status, and physical activity scale for elderly status (all p  < 0.05). Correlation analyses showed that IGF-1 levels negatively correlated with sarcopenia status in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis ( p  < 0.05). On the contrary, myostatin and HOMA-IR levels were positively correlated with sarcopenia status in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis (all p  < 0.05). Based on this recent study, IGF-1, myostatin, and insulin resistance were significantly correlated with sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Introduction: The Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SII) is a simple, non-invasive, and low-cost parameter that has been studied to predict ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the result remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the utilization of SII in UC. Methods: A systematic search was conducted. The inclusion criteria were articles that investigated the relationship between SII and UC and reported a specific cut-off value, specific sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). The odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) using a 95 % confidence interval (CI) were used.

AbstrakKandungan antioksidan ekstrak bayam merah (Amaranthus gangeticus) diduga dapat melawan efek toksik timbal asetat pada sistem saraf pusat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh pemberian ekstrak bayam merah terhadap morfologi hipokampus model anak mencit (Mus musculus) pascasapih yang induknya terpapar timbal asetat per oral selama masa kehamilan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan Coba Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga (FKUA) pada bulan April-Juni 2013. Dua puluh tujuh ekor anak mencit pascasapih dibagi dalam 3 kelompok: M0 (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose atau CMC Na 0,5%), M1 (CMC Na 0,5%+timbal asetat 1,16 mg/10 g BB/hari) dan M2 (CMC Na 0,5%+timbal asetat 1,16 mg/10 g BB/hari+ekstrak bayam merah 382,2 mg/10 g BB/hari). Sediaan otak diambil untuk dibuat preparat histologi dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Lebar stratum granulare girus dentatus (GD), stratum oriens-piramidale (SOP) CA1, CA2, dan CA3 dianalisis dengan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan least significant different (p<0,05). SOP CA1 dan CA2 pada kelompok M2 lebih lebar dibandingkan dengan kelompok M1 (p<0,05). SOP CA1 kelompok M2 lebih lebar pula bila dibandingkan dengan M0 (p=0,001). Lebar SG dari GD dan SOP CA3 kelompok M2 menunjukkan nilai yang lebih tinggi (p>0,05). Simpulan, pemberian ekstrak bayam merah dapat mengurangi efek negatif timbal asetat yang merusak struktur hipokampus model anak mencit pascasapih yang induknya terpapar timbal selama kehamilan. [MKB. 2014;46(3):125-9] Kata kunci: Bayam merah, hipokampus, timbal asetat Effect of Red Spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) Extract on Hippocampus Morphology of Post-Weaning Mice Infant Model from Lead-Acetate Exposed Pregnant Mice AbstractAntioxidants in red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) extract are proposed to combat the toxicity of lead acetate in the central nervous system. The effect of red spinach extract to the morphology of post weaning mouse hippocampus model (Mus musculus) in pregnant mice that received oral lead acetate during pregnancy was analyzed. Twenty seven post-weaning mice offsprings were grouped into 3 groups: M0 (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or CMC Na 0.5%), M1 (CMC Na 0.5%+lead acetate 1.16 mg/10 g of body weight/day) and M2 (CMC Na 0.5%+lead acetate 1.16 mg/10 g of body weight/day+red spinach extract 382.2 mg/10 g of body weight/day). Brains were histologically processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Width of stratum granulare (SG) of the dentate gyrus (GD) and each of stratum oriens-pyramidale (SOP) of CA1, CA2, CA3 from each mouse hippocampus were obtained and analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) (p<0.05). The CA1 and CA2 SOPs in M2 were significantly wider compared to those of M1 (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the SOP of CA1 in M2 was significantly wider compared to that of M0 (p=0.001). The SG width of GD and the CA3 SOP in M2 were wider than those of M0 and M1 (p>0.05). In conclusion, red spinach extract might dampen the adverse effects of oral lead acetate in...