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The biodiesel blending mandate was launched at 2005 in Brazil, by a governmental program based mainly on sustainability concerns, especially toward social and environmental aspects. Since 2007, B7, i.e., 7% biodiesel in diesel, in volume terms, has been mandatory, and B10 is the next target. In this context, this paper aims to evaluate the biodiesel program along the ten years from 2005 to 2015 in Brazil, considering the evolution of the estimated costs and the auction prices intending to verify some tendency in a learning curve perspective. A decreasing tendency of the biodiesel production costs and prices was observed, with a reduction of the profit margin in recent years, suggesting a learning trend. The Progress Ratio (PR) of the whole period was 101.7%, but in the 2011–2015, it was estimated at 59.3%. Relevant technology changes in biodiesel production process were not verified, but the increased competitiveness in the market, the gains of scale of plant profiles, and mainly the decrease of soybean oil prices explain this evolution. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

RESUMO.O presente ensaio baseou-se em um estudo teórico e teve por objetivo elucidar na literatura especializadaum breve histórico da Terapia Assistida por Animais, bem como seus benefícios. Constatou-se que vários países reconhecem como método terapêutico científico, inclusive o órgão que regulamenta os programas com animais nos Estados Unidos oficializou a terminologia, pois muitos termos eram utilizados gerando certa confusão. No Brasil, trata-se de um tema com estudos muito restritos. A Terapia Assistida por animais pode ser empregada em programas destinados a diversos tipos de situações desde pessoas com dificuldades físicas, mentais e emocionais. Vários autores descrevem sobre os efeitos positivos para os diferentes tipos de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento como: melhora da capacidade motora, sensorial, cognitiva, comunicação, melhora do sistema imunológico, da interação social, da aprendizagem, das relações interpessoais, entre outros. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, conclui-se que o contato com os animais com fins terapêuticos é uma ferramenta valiosa e que pode ser aplicada em várias faixas etárias e em diferentes tipos de pacientes com necessidades especiais, promovendo inúmeros benefícios, mas faz-se necessário desenvolver mais estudos no Brasil para contribuição e avanço na área. Palavras chave: Método terapêutico, relação homem-animal, saúde humana Animal assisted therapy and its benefitsABSTRACT. The present thesis was based on a theoretical study and aimed to elucidate in the specialized literature; a brief historical of Animal Assisted Therapy, as well as its benefits.It was found that many countries recognize as a scientific therapeutic method, including the agency that regulates programs with animals in the United States that has made official the terminology,as many terms were used generating confusion. In Brazil, it is a theme with very restricted studies. The animal-assisted therapy can be used in programs intended for various types of situations from persons with physical, mental and emotional difficulties. Several authors describe the positive effects for different types of patients undergoing treatment as improved motor, sensory, cognitive ability, communication, improves the immune system, social interaction, learning, interpersonal relationships, among others. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that contact with animals for therapeutic purposes is a valuable tool and can be applied in various age groups and in different types of patients with special needs, providing numerous benefits, but it makes necessary more studies in Brazil for contribution and advancement in the area.

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