The division of fractions is one of the difficult materials for elementary students. That is a concept that they must understand. Therefore, the abstraction process is needed to achieve it. The purpose of this study is to describe the abstraction process of dividing fractions by elementary school students. The subjects of this study were elementary school students in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. The subjects of this study were chosen 3 out of 85 elementary school students in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. There are two story questions submitted to research subjects about the distribution of mineral water after playing soccer. Subjects were interviewed in depth. That is a task-based interview. Data were analyzed through genetic decomposition. The result is students can be more meaningful in preparing propositions about fraction operations. Students can state that the division of fractions is a repetitive reduction. By providing contextual problems students can complete the process of abstraction, and can reach the concept of fraction division appropriately.

Geometry’s direct objects were abstract. It was a learning material that was difficult for elementary students. Therefore, learning was needed close to the minds and daily lives of students. One of them was “Tabot” Culture. That was the ethnomatematics approach. The purpose of this research was to explore elementary geometry concepts based on Tabot Culture. We apply an explorative-qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were the makers of the Tabot, elementary students, and elementary mathematics teachers. This was a needs analysis. Activities were carried out through direct observation, documentation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The research instruments were anecdotal direct observation sheets, and interview guides. Data were analysed qualitatively. The results of the study found that the culture of Tabot provides reinforcement of student character that was obeying the principle, thinking logically, critically, working hard, curiosity, independence, confidence. The geometrical concepts that exist in the Tabot culture were the cube, the beam, the pyramid, the prism, the sphere and its elements. Also, understanding of two-dimensional figure. We conclude that Bengkulu Tabot culture can be used as a starting-point for learning the achievement of geometrical concepts and strengthening student character.

This research aims to determine the relationship and influence of anxiety and perception on learning mathematics on the concept of understanding. The research used is ex post facto and analyzed using pathway analysis. These instruments use anxiety questionnaires, perception questionnaires about learning mathematics, and understanding concepts. The population in this study is class VIII State Junior High School 16 Bengkulu City in the 2020/2021 school year, with a research sample of 64 people, namely the class. VIII.D numbered 32 people and class VIII.E numbered 32 people. The results showed that anxiety affects the understanding of concepts, the perception of learning mathematics also affects the understanding of concepts. Analysis of hypotheses shows that there is a significant and significant relationship between instruments.