The gingiva, also known as the gums, is the pink-coloured keratinized mucosa that surrounds and protects the teeth. Gingival enlargement or gingival overgrowth, a common trait of gingival disease, is characterized by an increase in the size of gingiva. Irritation fibroma is an exophytic soft tissue mass in the oral mucosa. Indeed, it is not a real neoplasm, but a focal hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue induced by local trauma or chronic irritation. Pyogenic granuloma is one of the inflammatory hyperplasia seen in the oral cavity, majority are found on the marginal gingiva with only 15% of the tumours on the alveolar part. It predominantly occurs in the second decade of life in young females, male to female ratio is 1:99, and size of lesion varies in diameter from few millimetres to several centimetres. This article presents a case of pyogenic granuloma in an 6year old boy who presented with a gingival overgrowth in his mandibular left buccal surface region i.r.t 31 including marginal and attached gingiva. He had discomfort during mastication, interferes with occlusion there was episode of bleeding during brushing. The lesion was excised and histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis. Case was followed up for six months and no recurrence of the lesion. Etiological factors, clinical features, differential diagnosis and different treatment options are discussed based on the review of current literature available.

Teeth that erupt prematurely have been designated with various terms such as natal teeth, neonatal teeth, congenital teeth, pre-deciduous teeth and dentitio praecox. Tooth agenesis is one of very common finding in a person. Developmental or congenital absence of one or more teeth excluding the third molars is a highly prevalent condition referred to as hypodontia. The incidence of hypodontia usually varies from 1.6-6.9% while the incidence of natal teeth on the other hand is noted to be approximately 1:2,000-1:3,000. Lower primary central incisors are the most affected tooth. The occurrence of retained natal teeth and that too with hypodontia is not found in the literature. This case report presents a rare occurrence of hypodontia with presence of retained natal teeth in a 14-year-old male child. Diagnosis made as non-syndromic hypodontia and retained natal teeth.

Aim: Analyze the oral health and challenges faced by children with special needs and to educate them about the benefits and ways of maintaining good oral hygiene. Material and Methods: 100 participants with special needs were divided into two groups: intellectually disabled and physically disabled. Oral examination was done and clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), Oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) and organoleptic assessment was done. Parents / guardians were asked to answer a questionnaire addressing different aspects of the children oral health and challenges faced for maintaining good oral hygiene. Data regarding the factors that could impair toothbrushing were also collected, including the patient’s ability to rinse his / her mouth, capacity to open the mouth and keep it open during toothbrushing. Results: According to this study, the OHI-S mean value and halitosis score of physically disabled group is less than intellectually disabled group. Conclusion: Even though efforts have been made to improve the oral health of these less fortunate children, there has been a shortfall of government policies. So, to improve the general and oral health of such special child’s specific steps must be taken to provide medical facilities and spreading awareness about importance of maintaining good oral hygiene.