Assessment of skeletal maturity is paramount for orthodontists since optimal use and effectiveness of orthodontic and orthopedic appliances depends on it. Objective: To compare the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) with Fishman’s hand wrist radiograph (HWR) method in assessment of growth status. Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted at the Orthodontics department at the Khyber College of dentistry, Peshawar on 100 participants. The patients with 9 to 15 years of age, relatively well aligned arches, both genders, mild to moderate skeletal discrepancy, minimal dental compensations, vertical normal angle, and without temporomandibular joint disorders were included. Along with age and gender, stages of HWR and CVM were recorded.  HWRs were acquired by standardized method and lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position.  The staging of HWR was done by using Fishman method while CVM staging. Comparison of CVM stages and Fishmann’s HWR stages were done using chi-square test. Results: The mean age was 11.79 ± 1.62 years.   The females were 53(53%) and males were 47(47%). Most common stage of CVM was III (n=33, 33%) followed by IV (n=27, 27%). Similarly, common stage of hand wrist radiograph was III (n=32, 32%) followed by IV (n=28, 28%).There was no statistically significant different between two methods for assessing skeletal growth status (p=0.697). Conclusions: Cervical vertebral maturation can have used as an alternative to hand wrist radiograph for growth assessment without an extra radiation

Objectives: The determine the frequency of how common white spot lesions in orthodontic patients .Materials and Methods: A total of 147 patients who visited the Orthodontics department at Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar were included in the study. Intraoral pictures were acquired using a DSLR camera before and after therapy (6 months after fi xed device insertion) (D600). The development of white spot lesions was evaluated between pre and post-therapy photos. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data.Results: Eight four were female (57.1%) and sixty-three were males (42.9%). The mean age was 21.45±4.87 years. The overall frequency of WSL in pre-treatment patients was in four patients (2.7%) only. Out of total 147 patients, 68 (46.3%) patients had WSL while 79(53.7%) were WSL free at mid-treatment time. The frequency of WSL in pre-treatment and mid-treatment was statistically signifi cant having p-value of 0.04. The frequency of WSL stratifi ed by gender showed that females had more WSL than males. The frequency of WSL stratifi ed by age showed that maximum number of cases those had WSL were from 13 to 15 years of age, followed by 26 to 30 years. The stratification for frequency of WSL by age was not statistically signifi cant having p-value of 0.602. Conclusion: During the fi rst six months of treatment, the number of WSLs increased dramatically in this clinical investigation. During the fi rst few months of treatment, clinicians should assess patients' dental hygiene and must take further precautions to prevent the occurrence of WSL.