Benih berkualitas sangat diperlukan dalam perbanyakan tanaman kakao. Adanya infeksi Phytophthora spp. menjadikan kualitas benih kakao menurun yang berdampak pada kemampuan tumbuh tanaman. Cendawan T. asperellum TKD dapat menghambat pertumbuhan patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menguji kemampuan T. asperellum TKD dalam menghambat Phytophthora spp. secara in vitro dan in vivo, menentukan konsentrasi spora T. asperellum TKD yang optimum dan uji viabilitas benih. Perlakuan in vitro dilakukan dengan kultur ganda, dan perlakuan in vivo dilakukan pada benih kakao. Parameter yang diamati meliputi persentase daya hambat dengan kultur ganda, daya kecambah, indeks kecepatan perkecambahan dan penurunan populasi Phytophtora spp. Hasil penelitian menunjukan T. asperellum TKD menghambat Phytophthora spp. secara in vitro dan in vivo (P≤0,05). Rerata daya hambat in vitro adalah 58,74±4,58%. Konsentrasi spora T. asperellum TKD hingga 104 efektif menurunkan populasi Phytophthora spp secara in vivo. Konsentrasi spora T. asperellum TKD yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Phytophthora spp. yang optimum adalah konsentrasi T1,70x106. Mekanisme penghambat T. asperellum TKD adalah kompetisi dimana terjadi interaksi dengan mekanisme mikoparasit dan antibiosis. Pemberian T. asperellum TKD menyebabkan benih memiliki daya perkecambahan lebih dari 80% dengan diikuti indeks kecepatan kecambah yang tinggi. Pemberian T. asperellum TKD mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Phytophthora spp. secara in vitro dan in vivo dan benih kakao dapat berkecambah optimal hingga hari ke-7 penyimpanan setelah pemberian T. asperellum TKD.
Bactrocera carambolae, commonly known as the fruit fly, has been reported as a prominent pest for fruits and vegetables around the world. It has been recorded to infect hosts from a wide range of families and was shown to spread worldwide including Indonesia. The identification of species is needed such that clear information on distribution of the species can be obtained. The combination of analysis through morphology and molecular approaches provide an accurate method of identification. The identification of DNA-based barcode for fruit flies using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (mtCOI) was conducted. The result of DNA extraction was amplified using PCR with general primers mtCOI Fruit Fly MT-CO1-F as forward primer and HCO as the reverse primer. A 690bp amplicon of the fruit flies mtCOI gene was obtained. Bactrocera carambolae is the species identified from 9 regencies in Bali Island based on morphology diagnosis and sequence analysis of fruit flies.
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