A compelling and motivating approach should be supported in the information and communication technology-driven 21st century to aid students in learning more effectively. Due to its beneficial effects on the teaching and learning process, the use of multimedia in education has demonstrated its significance. The study investigated an examination of how the use of multimedia in a biology lesson affected students' performance. Three senior high schools' worth of 200 students were chosen at random, and they were divided into three groups at random. The study's quasi-experimental pre-post-control group design was used. While the control group received conventional care, the experimental groups were trained via multimedia presentations. The course of treatment lasted for 12 weeks. As data collection tools, the Biology Achievement Test (BAT), which was also validated, was examined for dependability using the Crombach alpha, which produced a result of 0.92, and the Validated Attitude Towards Biology Scale (ATBS), which produced a Crombach alpha of 0.86. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the acquired data. The findings showed a statistically significant difference between the forms of instruction and the learning outcomes of the students. Students receiving multimedia-assisted instruction performed better than their peers receiving traditional instruction. Therefore, it is advised that multimedia assisted instruction be implemented in the senior high school biology curriculum to enhance students' learning results.

The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the impact of project-based learning on students' scientific reasoning skills and credence. The study's pre-exam and post-exam model was single group. 40 students from a public-school 8th grade students participated in the study during the spring 2021-2022 school year. The "Scientific Reasoning Exam Skills - SRES" was used to gauge the scientific reasoning abilities of the students before “Life science and Physical Science” course was taught using the research-project based learning approach and the SRES as a final progress check results. The 26 elements in this test are divided into 6 sub-categories Project-based learning is a student-centred approach that promotes active learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving through the exploration of scientific phenomena. This was accomplished in order to have a very solid result which will help schools to re-think in their curriculum design to make it more student-centered rand pee to peer rather than teacher centered. The results of the study's sub-problems can be summarized as follows: according to the sub-categories of proportional thinking, Hypothetical thinking, Probabilistic thinking and correlative thinking a significant difference was found between the SRES pre-exam total scores and post-exam total scores in favor of the pre-exam total scores. According to the sub-dimensions controlling variables and combinational thinking, there was no statistically significant difference in the pre-exam total scores. Between the SRES pre-exam and post-exam total scores of boys and girls students, there was no discernible difference. Only the combinational Thinking and correlative thinking sub-dimension showed a significant difference in the total scores of the SRES sub-dimensions.

The fundamental purpose of this paper is to assess the efficiency of port in West Africa and selectively select the best transit port for landlocked West African countries and for that matter data envelopment analysis will be used for this research. Seven (7) ports were selected out of twelve (12) using container throughput level for the basis of their selection, whiles DEA model was used for the determination of their relative efficiencies and their over time efficiencies through window analysis. It is noted that. The study noted that based on the operational efficiency of the port of Tema in Ghana, port Lomé and port of Douala, they should serve and standout as the transit port when it comes to West African landlocked countries selecting of transit port. It is recommended that there should be an expansion in infrastructure which is which should be the target so as to improve operational efficiency in West African port. Ports authorities should look more into that because is the beacon of ports efficiency and performance, because infrastructure propels ports mass production once those infrastructures are properly utilized.