Education in the 21st century becomes important to ensure students have the skills to learn and innovate, the skills to use technology and information media, and can work, and survive by using the skills to live. In an era of increasingly sophisticated technological developments, it would be nice if these technological developments were used to create interesting and fun innovations during the learning process, such as using teaching materials based on information technology to support the learning process. The purpose of this research is to analyze the need to develop an Android-based mobile E-Module. The method used was descriptive qualitative research method, namely by conducting a needs analysis. Research data were collected through observation and interviews with fifth grade teachers and 30 students. The results of observational research indicated that students’ critical thinking attitudes are still very low and learning uses textbooks, and they still rarely use electronic media such as computers or androids to teach. Dealing with the pre-research conducted that teachers and students had desire that the teaching materials used in the learning process were developed so that they varied and facilitated to understand the material.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the validity level of Socrates-based linear algebra e-module, both material validity and design. This is a research and development (R&D) with ADDIE procedure: analysis, design, develop, implement, and evaluate. The participants were 30 students and 2 lecturers who supervised linear algebra courses in the mathematics education study program of Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro. Data collection techniques uses questionnaires provided to material and design validators. Data analysis uses quantitative descriptive. The results showed that the validity rate xof Socrates-based linear algebra e-modules on material aspects was 81.33% with highly valid categories and on design aspects 88% with highly valid categories. Based on the results of the study obtained the conclusion that the e-module algebra linear based on Socrates is declared very valid. Furthermore, further research can be conducted related to the use of Socrates-based linear algebra e-modules in learning to find out effectiveness of using e-modules.

Thematic learning is expected that learning activities can involve students actively and in learning activities, so that students get direct experience which makes learning activities much more meaningful. Thematic teaching materials with the STEM approach are an alternative to improve students' problem-solving abilities. This study aims to analyze the validity, convenience, attractiveness, usefulness, and effectiveness of thematic teaching materials with the STEM approach to improve students' problem solving abilities in elementary schools. This research is a type of Research and Development (R&D) research, the development is carried out according to the theory of Borg & Gall. The subjects in this study were determined using a purposive sampling technique and obtained as many as 20 students. The data collection tool uses valid and reliable test instruments. Validity data analysis techniques show that thematic teaching materials with the STEM approach are very valid to use. Effectiveness data analysis technique uses N-Gain with a calculation result of 0.57 with a significance of 0.01<0.05. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the thematic teaching materials with the STEM approach developed are valid and effective for improving students' problem solving abilities in elementary schools.