The building industry accounts for almost 40% of the world's energy consumption. To reduce the global heat transfer coefficient, sustainable buildings should use highly insulated enclosures. As the building envelope serves as a barrier between the exterior and interior of the building, integration of passive solar design principles in its construction, such as smart windows with low thermal conductivity materials are essential. Smart windows may assist to reduce energy consumption by minimizing heat gain by the building, which able reduce the cooling loads while maintaining the thermal comfort for the building users. This study features smart double-glazed windows filled with low thermal conductive materials which are argon and aerogel to improve window insulation in pursuit of energy efficiency improvement. A numerical model is developed in ANSYS Workbench to evaluate thermal insulation performance of argon-filled and aerogel-filled windows by measuring the indoor surface temperature of the building at three critical times of the day. Newton's Law of Cooling is used to compute the empirical value of the heat transfer across the window to compare and validate the numerical data. This study shows that argon-filled and aerogel-filled window able to reduce the heat transfer across the building up 21% and 59% respectively. Aerogel is proven to resist more heat transfer as compared to argon

The need to reduce carbon emissions from conventional electricity generation has led to research into alternative renewable energy solutions, including wind energy. However, conventional wind turbines are not practical in Malaysia due to their size, cost and low wind speeds. Therefore, recent research has focused on the development of small wind energy generation systems, such as wind-induced vibratory devices, for small-scale power generation. This study aims to enhance the design parameters of a flutter-based windbelt with an electromagnetic conversion mechanism specifically tailored to optimise the use of low wind speeds in Malaysia. Various factors such as wind speed, wind direction, magnet position, magnet size and device length were studied to understand their influence on energy generation. The study conducted experiments in controlled and uncontrolled environments, with the latter chosen in a location known for its high wind potential. Five experiments were conducted and measurements were taken three times to ensure accuracy of the data. The results showed that wind speed and magnet size were positively correlated with voltage generation, while wind direction and magnet coil position had more complex relationships. These results contribute to a better understanding of windbelt performance and identify opportunities to optimise windbelt design and placement. Future research could further investigate factors such as turbulence and find ways to integrate the wind belt into more significant devices.