Hypertension manifests in the eyes as retinopathy, choroidopathy and optic neuropathy of which retinopathy can be used as a predictor for systemic morbidities and mortalities. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of retinopathy in hypertensive patients and determine the correlation of retinopathy with parameters like age, sex, duration of hypertension, severity of hypertension and control of hypertension. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study done in patients attending our hospital between January to March 2019 comprising of 200 patients. The grading of retinopathy was done using Keith-Wagner-Barker system. The presence of retinopathy was compared with parameters like age, sex and duration of hypertension. Statistical analysis was done using MS-Excel and Chi-square test. Among the 200 hypertensive patients (117 males, 83 females), 57 patients had retinopathy (28.5%) of which 35 were males and 22 were females. Among patients with retinopathy, 32 had Grade 1, 16 had Grade 2, 8 had Grade 3 and 1 had Grade 4 retinopathy. Based on the severity of hypertension, 8 out of 61 patients having mild hypertension, 25 out of 81 patients had moderate hypertension and 24 out of 58 patients having severe hypertension, had retinopathy. The prevalence of retinopathy was higher in patients with hypertension for 5 years or more (54.4%) than those with hypertension with less than 5 years (21.8%). Our study showed prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy to be 28.5%. Severity of hypertension and duration of hypertension > 5 years was found to have an association with hypertensive retinopathy.

Objective: It is a retrospective study to evaluate the effect of myopia on primary open-angle glaucoma by classifying the eyes into NMG (non-myopic glaucoma), HMG (highly myopic glaucoma) And MMG (mild to moderate myopic glaucoma). Methods: The study was performed on 120 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who were medically treated. Any participant who had surgery done was excluded from the study. The relation between glaucoma and different myopia and progression were assessed on the basis of age, gender, risk factors. Results: Out of the 120 cases assessed, 46 [38 percent] were female and 74 [62 percent] were males. On the basis of age there were 9 cases between 31-40 y, 30 cases between the ages 41-50, 40 cases between 51-60, 32 cases between 61-70 and 9 cases between 71-80, on the basis of myopia 59 [49 percent] were NMG 47 [39 percent] were MMG and 14 [12 percent] were HMG. On the basis of risk factors,12 of them had Diabetes Mellitus, 7 had Hypertension, 7 had a history of steroid use, 3 had a history of migraines and 6 of them had a family history of glaucoma. In the observed one year period 73 percent if the cases were not progressive while 27 percent were progressive. In this study, it has been observed that the males are more commonly affected and the age group with the most cases was the 51 to 60 age group. The majority of the cases showed no risk factors though Diabetes Mellitus is the most common. The progression of the disease is seen more frequently in cases associated with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. In MMG 12 out of the 47 cases were progressive and in NMG 15 out of the 59 cases were progressive. Conclusion: Though high myopia is important in the pathogenesis of glaucoma there was no evidence that high myopia increases the progression of the disease of the 14 cases, only 5 were progressive.