Women's entry onto board positions has often paid greater attention to the manifest outcome of representation by way of examining the rate of representation, targets achieved as well as contending quantitative and economic measures of board effectiveness. However, few studies have examined how women gain entry onto boards. There is also a lack of qualitative and non-economic studies. This can be attributed to the exclusive focus on human capital and social network theories and quantitative methodology, ignoring the complexities of personal-social-institutional and board dynamics. In view of this gap in the literature, a theoretical discourse on human capital theory and resource-based theory is explored and its relevance to women directors' gaining entry onto boards is discussed. The aim of this paper is to explore how women gain entry onto the PLC (Public Listed Companies) boards in Malaysia. Qualitative semi-structured interviews with five (5) women directors as participants and with three (3) male directors as key informants representing public listed companies in Malaysia were undertaken and analyzed. The findings revealed several factors that enable women to gain entry onto boards, namely personal characteristics, corporate experience, social networks and institutional factors. The ability to re-engineer oneself was found to be a critical personal factor in gaining entry onto boards, besides education and specialization in certain fields. Corporate strategic experience appears to be a critical strategic space for women to gain entry onto boards, besides the conventional top corporate positions. Also, there is great importance in the need for adequate corporate exposure to enhance women's chances to gain board ship status. The social network was reaffirmed as was in previous studies. These findings provide a partial claim for the resource-based theory and provide a more nuanced understanding of experience as part of human capital stock in human capital theory.

This study observes and analyses the work-life balance being handled by the employees in Alltechz Solutions Pvt Ltd. It is discovered that there are several elements, many of which are linked, which tip the scales in favour of work over family life. Achieving work-life harmony is indispensable for the welfare of employees as well as the organization they belong to. This can be ensured by balancing career life and personal life to a certain extent. This study vividly exposes the need for work-life balance by individually analysing the factors that affect or affect the balance. This comprehensive research has made recommendations for improving workers' work- life balance (WLB) for the benefit of both the workforce and the firm used as a subject of study.

Due to lockdowns and stay-at-home measures in combating COVID-19 worlwide, the number of domestic violence cases have increased tremendously since 2020. In order to eliminate domestic violence against females, it is imperative to better understand the background of domestic violence against females, as well as the societal institutions that promote its persistence. This study aimed at determining and analysing the perception and awareness level of USM students on domestic violence against females. The result showed that USM students have a strong awareness of different types of abuses. Among those six categories, 72.4% of the respondents strongly agreed with physical abuse as a form of domestic violence and had the largest mean 4.667 while 38.1% of respondents strongly agreed with stalking as a form of domestic violence with the lowest mean 3.905. However, the result also revealed that the majority of the students are unaware that the illness-based violence is one of the causes of domestic violence as opposed to the other five causes. We also found that there exists a significant difference of percentages of responses between strengthening laws and legislations against domestic violence as a potential solution (73.34%) with the mean of 4.686. This shows a rather alarming signal that USM students are generally too dependent on law and have the mindset that law can overcome domestic violence issues. Recommendations to improve the students’ awareness on this matter are presented accordingly.