Background: Progesterone only injectable contraceptives (POICs) are long acting reversible method of contraception used worldwide. Menstrual abnormalities are recognized side effects that can lead to discontinuation of these highly effective and safe contraceptives. Objectives: To determine the prevalence rate, side effects, discontinuation rate and indications for discontinuation of Norethisteroneenanthate (noristerat) and Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate (depoprovera) at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt. Methods: A five year retrospective study of 874 clients attending family planning clinic at the RSUTH from 1st of January, 2015 – 31st of December, 2019. Their records were retrieved from the clinic and reviewed. Data was extracted, coded and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) IBM version 25.0 (Armonk, NY). Chi square test was used as test of significance where applicable and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and thirty eight clients accepted and used POICs out of 874 acceptors of contraceptives within the study period giving a prevalence rate of 15.8%. Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate was more preferred by the women. The modal age group was 25-34 years accounting for 86 (62.3%). Age range was 19-48 years and the modal parity was para 2. Majority of the clients had formal education, 137 (99.3%), married, 128 (92.8%) and multipara 85 (61.6%).The discontinuation rate was 31.9%and the commonest reason for discontinuation was irregular vaginal bleeding accounting for 25%. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of POICs was low and Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate was more popular. Majority of the discontinuation was due to the side effects of the contraceptives.

Background: Postnatal depression is one of the most devastating of the mental disorders affecting women six weeks postpartum, accounting for more than 20% of maternal deaths after childbirth. It is said that young children of mothers with postnatal depression have greater behavioural problems than those of non- depressed mothers. Mode of delivery with other risk factors has been implicated as a predictive factor and caesarean section in any form is said to be most implicated. This study intends to contribute to the raging arguments on the relationship between caesarean section and postnatal depression. Objective: To examine the relationship between caesarean sections and postnatal depression. Methods: Women visiting the postnatal clinic six weeks postpartum who consented to the study, where interviewed and screened for depression using the study designed questionnaire and the Edinburg postnatal depressive scale (EPDS). Data obtained were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0, p values <0.05 were statistically significant. Results: Out of 405 women who participated in the study, 135 (33.3%) had an EPDS score of > 12 points. Among the risk factors isolated which included co-habiting, death of children, children challenges and partner violence, caesarean section showed a very strong association p=0.001, OR 1.68, 95% cl=1.10-2.58. Emergency caesarean section showed a stronger association p=0.001, OR 3.6, 95%cl=2.35-5.69. Conclusion: Emergency caesarean section has a strong significant impact on the development of postnatal depression.

Background: Subdermal contraceptive implants are safe, convenient, very effective and reversible. Though they have numerous benefits, their use is still discontinued due to various reasons including side effects in the body of acceptors. Objective: To determine and compare the prevalence rates, side effects, discontinuation rates and indications for discontinuation of two subdermal implants (Jadelle and Implanon) at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study of 874 clients attending family planning clinic at the RSUTH from 1st January, 2015 – 31st December, 2019 was conducted. Their records were retrieved from the clinic and reviewed. Data was extracted, coded and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) IBM version 25.0 (Armonk, NY). Result: Four hundred and twenty five women used subdermal implants out of 874 acceptors of contraceptives within the study period giving an uptake rate of 48.6%. Implanon was more preferred accounting for 66.6% and Jadelle 33.4%. The mean age was 33.24+4.13 years. Most age group was 30-34 years accounting for 51.3%. Age range was 20-48 years and most (80%) were multiparous. Most (99.1%) were Christians and 98.4% were married. Only one client (0.2%) had no formal education. Seventy three (26.4%) acceptors discontinued the use. Most were due to desire for pregnancy (46.4%) and menorrhagia (24.1%). Four unintended pregnancies occurred giving a Pearl index of 0.9. Conclusion: Subdermal implants are safe and effective. Menstrual abnormality and desire for pregnancy were the commonest reasons for discontinuation.