Recognizing user-expressed intentions in social media can be useful for many applications such as business intelligence, as intentions are intimately linked to potential actions or behaviors. This paper focuses on a binary classification problem: whether a text expresses purchase intention (PI) or not (non-PI). In contrast to existing research, which relies on labeled intention corpus or linguistic knowledge, we proposed an unsupervised method called split over-training for the PI identification task. Experiments on PI identification from tweets showed that our approach was effective and promising. The best classifying accuracy of 84.6% and PI F-measure of 70.4% was achieved, which are only 7.7% and 4.9% respectively lower than fully supervised models. This means our unsupervised method may provide reasonable preprocessing for intention corpus labeling or intention knowledge acquisition.

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A cross-domain sentiment analysis (CDSA) study in the Indonesian language and tree-based ensemble machine learning is quite interesting. CDSA is useful to support the labeling process of cross-domain sentiment and reduce any dependence on the experts; however, the mechanism in the opinion unstructured by stop word, language expressions, and Indonesian slang words is unidentified yet. This study aimed to obtain the best model of CDSA for the opinion in Indonesia language that commonly is full of stop words and slang words in the Indonesian dialect. This study was purposely to observe the benefits of the stop words cleaning and slang words conversion in CDSA in the Indonesian language form. It was also to find out which machine learning method is suitable for this model. This study started by crawling five datasets of the comments on YouTube from 5 different domains. The dataset was copied into two groups: the dataset group without any process of stop word cleaning and slang word conversion and the dataset group to stop word cleaning and slang word conversion. CDSA model was built for each dataset group and then tested using two types of tree-based ensemble machine learning, i.e., Random Forest (RF) and Extra Tree (ET) classifier, and tested using three types of non-ensemble machine learning, including Naïve Bayes (NB), SVM, and Decision Tree (DT) as the comparison. Then, It can be suggested that the accuracy of CDSA in Indonesia Language increased if it still removed the stop words and converted the slang words. The best classifier model was built using tree-based ensemble machine learning, particularly ET, as in this study, the ET model could achieve the highest accuracy by 91.19%. This model is expected to be the CDSA technique alternative in the Indonesian language.

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Supervised sentiment analysis ideally uses a fully labeled data set for modeling. However, this ideal condition requires a struggle in the label annotation process. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising method to avoid time-consuming and expensive data labeling without reducing model performance. However, the research on SSL is still limited and its performance needs to be improved. Thus, this study aims to create a new SSL-Model for sentiment analysis. The Ensemble Classifier SSL model for sentiment classification is introduced. The research went through pre-processing, vectorization, and feature extraction using TF-IDF and n-grams. Support Vector Machine (SVM) or Random Forest for tokenization was used to separate unigram, bigram, and trigram in model generation. Then, the outputs of these models were combined using stacking ensemble approach. Accuracy and F1-score were used for the evaluation. IMDB datasets and US Airlines were used to test the new SSL models. The conclusion is that the sentiment annotation accuracy is highly dependent on the suitability of the dataset with the machine learning algorithm. In IMDB dataset, which consists of two classes, it is better to use SVM. In the US Airlines consisting of three classes, SVM is better at improving the model performance against the baseline, but RF is better at achieving the baseline performance even though it fails to maintain the model performance.