An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm, Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, during the period from 2 March to 12 June 2020 to study the effect of two types of cultivation methods such as raised bed and flatbed on the yield, yield attributes and economics attributes of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot design with three replications. All the nutrients were applied as basal on land preparation operation. Seeds were sown manually @ 30 kg ha-1 for a flatbed as well as @ 45cm x 10 cm spacing for a raised bed. Observations were recorded for various growth parameters and yield attributes at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest. Statistical analysis of data was done online through OPSTAT software. Raised bed cultivation method significantly enhanced the growth parameters of chickpea viz., plant height (4.44 cm, 8.40 cm and 25.45 cm at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest), dry matter plant-1 (3.12 g, 5.26 g and 15.50 g at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest. Yield attributes viz., number of pod plant-1 (20.15), number of grain pod-1 (1.38), and 1,000 grain weight (207.44 g) showed remarkable improvement with raised bed cultivation method Yield of chickpea viz., grain yield (1.21 t ha-1), Stover yield (1.33 t ha-1) biological yield (3.44 t ha-1) and harvest index (27.44 t ha-1) were recorded significantly higher with raised bed cultivation method. Similarly, significantly higher economics attributes viz., Cost of cultivation (26,989 AFN ha-1), gross returns (104,795AFN ha-1), net returns (76,854 AFN ha-1), and benefit cost ratio (2.78), recorded with raised bed cultivation method.

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm, Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, during the period from 2 March to 12 June 2020 to study the effect of two types of cultivation methods such as raised bed and flatbed on the yield, yield attributes and economics attributes of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot design with three replications. All the nutrients were applied as basal on land preparation operation. Seeds were sown manually @ 30 kg ha-1 for a flatbed as well as @ 45cm x 10 cm spacing for a raised bed. Observations were recorded for various growth parameters and yield attributes at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest. Statistical analysis of data was done online through OPSTAT software. Raised bed cultivation method significantly enhanced the growth parameters of chickpea viz., plant height (4.44 cm, 8.40 cm and 25.45 cm at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest), dry matter plant-1 (3.12 g, 5.26 g and 15.50 g at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest. Yield attributes viz., number of pod plant-1 (20.15), number of grain pod-1 (1.38), and 1,000-grain weight (207.44 g) showed remarkable improvement with raised bed cultivation method Yield of chickpea viz., grain yield (1.21 t ha-1), Stover yield (1.33 t ha-1) biological yield (3.44 t ha-1) and harvest index (27.44 t ha-1) were recorded significantly higher with raised bed cultivation method. Similarly, significantly higher economics attributes viz., Cost of cultivation (26,989 AFN ha-1), gross returns (104,795AFN ha-1), net returns (76,854 AFN ha-1), and benefit-cost ratio (2.78), recorded with raised bed cultivation method.

An experiment was conducted at the research farm of National Agricultural Science and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, Afghanistan in a randomized complete block (RCBD) during the summer season of 2017 to evaluate the effect of post-emergence herbicides in maize. The experiment consisted of ten treatments and was replicated thrice. Among the weed control treatments, sequential application of atrazine @ 1.5 kg/ha pre-emergence followed by tembotrione 120 g/ha as PoE at 25 DAS recorded significantly higher grain row-1 (36.18), the number of grain cob-1 (502.48), and Grain weight cob-1 (137.63 g). Significantly higher grain and stover yield (6.7 and 11.6 t ha-1) were recorded in weed-free check plot which is on par with (T10) atrazine @ 1.5 kg/ha pre-emergence fb tembotrione 120 g /ha PoE at 25 DAS (6.5 and 11.4 t ha-1) and (T9) pendimethalin (1000 ml/ha) pre-emergence fb atrazine (750 g/ha) + 2,4-D Amine 0.4 kg /ha at 25 DAS as PoE (6.2 and 11.0 t ha-1). The benefit-cost ratio was higher (1.57) in the sequential application of Atrazine 1.5 kg/ha fb 2,4-D Amine 0.4 kg/ha at 25 DAS as PoE, which was on par with Pendimethalin (1000 ml/ha) pre-emergence fb Atrazine (750 g/ha) + 2,4-D Amine 0.4 kg/ha at 25 DAS as PoE and (T7) Atrazine @ 1.5 kg/ha pre-emergence fb Halosulfuron67 g/ha 25 DAS.