Background: Alcohol consumption not only affects the general health yet in addition the dental and gingival health of a person. Heavy drinkers are at high danger of creating dental caries, gingival health alteration and tooth disintegration. This condition brings about change in the salivary gland function. Alcohol abuse with smoking have diverse effects on oral health. This study presented to evaluate the effect of alcohol consumption severity on oral health in relation to salivary parameters, smoking and tooth wear in Baghdad, Iraq. Materials and Method:One hundred and twenty 35-40 years old men with alcohol consumption selected randomly. Alcohol consumption individuals classified into three groups according to frequency of alcohol consumption: regular drinker (GA), frequent drinker (GB) and occasion drinker (GC). Each group consists of 40 individuals. Gingival (GI), calculus (CI) and dental caries (DMFT) indices were utilized to assess dental and gingival health for all individuals. Parameters of saliva including flow rate and pH assessed immediately. Tooth wear (TW) was estimated according to the presence or absence of dentine. Smoking was recorded directly from individual. The results of present study was dissected utilizing SPSS version 23. Results:The median is higher in GA than GB and GC with highly significant difference between groups. For PII, median is higher in GC than other groups, but the mean rank is higher in GA than other groups (no significant difference). For both GI and CI, median and mean rank are higher in GA than others with significant difference between them. Salivary flow rate and pH means are higher in GC than other groups with highly significant differences regarding pH. The high percentage of drinker with tooth wear was recorded in GA compared to other groups with significant difference. The median and mean rank are higher in smoking drinker than non-smoking drinkers with highly significant difference. Conclusion:Dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth wear and lower salivary pH were more presented in individuals with more frequent alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinking with smoking increase the occurrence of dental caries.

Background: Periodontitis is a (chronic) bacterial infection represented by connective tissue breakdown persistently, inflammation and destruction of alveolar bone interfered by pro-inflammatory mediators. As a diagnostic non-invasive fluid; saliva could be used in diagnosis of systemic and oral diseases. The salivary biomarkers levels like cytokines could certainly be applied as an alternate to separate periodontal healthy from periodontitis subjects. Objective: Aim of the study is to evaluate the salivary (TNF-α and IL-6) in control participants and chronic periodontitis then further identify with clinical parameter levels such as the plaque index (PI), the gingival index (GI),the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and the probing pocket depth (PPD). Subjects and methods: In present study (75) patients with the age ranging from (36-65) years were registered. The sample was categorized into two main categories (25) of them were healthy (control) and other (50) have chronic periodontitis (CP). All of the attendants from the department of Periodontics of al-Shaheed Nasser al-Mosawi Specialist center in Al-Najaf city. All individuals that participate in this study were healthy and not receiving any periodontal treatment or antibiotic or anti-inflammatory remedies in the past three months prior to research. Clinical Parameters of Periodontal include Gingival Index (GI), Plaque index (PLI) , the clinical attachment level (CAL) and the probing Pocket depth(PPD). Samples of the participants' saliva were used to assess levels of the IL-6 and TNF-α by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: There were highly significant differences among subjects suffering from periodontitis when compared to the control measured with periodontal criteria and parameters, like;(indices of plaque, Gingiva, in addition to measurement for the depth of pocket (PPD) with attachment loss (L.A)( p-value ≤0.001). The concentration of salivary interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were highly significant for chronic periodontitis group (10.15± 3.03)(13.04±18.04), than control group (3.25±1.92) (2.32±3.72) respectively. In addition, the mean of periodontal pocket depth (3.84 ±0.19) and clinical attachment loss (2.65±0.21), were highly significant for group of chronic periodontitis when compared to the control. Conclusion: Salivary interleukin-6, with TNF-α were highly in patients with periodontitis in comparison to the control, which could be explained, as indicator might clarified the idea about the advance periodontitis.