Research trends in gamification have shown a significant diversity in various areas of e-health, particularly in addressing the issues of rehabilitation and physical activity. Rehabilitation requires better engaging tools that help to increase the patient’s motivation and engagement in particular forms of rehabilitation training. Adopting gamification in rehabilitation offers different treatment and care environments when implementing rehabilitation training. As gamification is increasingly being explored in rehabilitation, one might not realize that using various techniques in gamified applications yields a different effect on gameplay. To date, varied gamification techniques have been utilized to provide useful experiences from the perspective of health applications. However, a limited number of surveys have investigated the gamification of rehabilitation and the use of suitable game techniques for rehabilitation in the literature. The objective of this paper is to examine and analyze the existing gamification techniques for rehabilitation applications. A classification of rehabilitation gamification is developed based on the rehabilitation gamifying requirements and the gamification characteristics that are commonly applied in rehabilitation applications. This classification is the main contribution of this paper. It provides insight for researchers and practitioners into suitable techniques to design and apply gamification with increased motivation and sustainable engagement for rehabilitation treatment and care. In addition, different game elements, selection blocks, and gamification techniques are identified for application in rehabilitation. In conclusion, several challenges and research opportunities are discussed to improve gamification deployment in rehabilitation in the future.

This paper explores avatar roles and design principles in helping to develop motivation in game environments. Different avatar applications could influence the experience of players in at least three ways: as a customisation tool, game strategy, and personal identification. These possible influences could be enhanced by the application of avatar design for motivational purposes, reflected through the integration between game design elements and the avatar implementation. This paper aims to situate avatar design as a design strategy to motivate users to change their behaviour and promote adherence to new habits. We start by reviewing the current papers that address avatar design utilisations for motivation in to Serious Games. Then, we analyse the main elements in gameful applications (e.g. Re-Mission, Pain Squad, CodeInGame and Monster Manor), in order to understand and explore the design of avatars. The analysis is followed by the development of a model for Avatar Design in Motivational contexts (ADAM), which could be used to provide the necessary guidance for designers and developers of gameful systems for motivational environments.

Abstract-This study explores the tools and materials used in personal learning environment (PLE) by investigating the impact of embedding a mashup technology into learning environment. With Web 2.0 technologies, mashing up several materials into learning repository helps learners to form their own scope of learning. A PLE mashup model is suggested in determining suitable tools and materials. Based on the current trends in Web 2.0, another aspect of PLE that could be further investigated is the adoption of social media application for formal higher education level. A study on student perception shows a positive acceptance towards PLE in their learning activities. In order to serve as learning tool, how the technology could be implemented, and its limitation towards efficiency was highlighted.Index Term-Personal learning environment, mashup, web 2.0.

Gamified applications are regarded as useful for patients in facilitating daily self-care management and the personalization of health monitoring. This paper reports the development of a gamified application by considering a design that had previously been investigated and reported. Numerous game elements were installed in the application, which covered several tasks aimed at managing diabetes mellitus. The development process utilized the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology in terms of system requirements, user design, construction, and cutover; this paper refers to the user design and cutover processes. The developed application was tested through system testing and usability testing. The usability testing adopted the Software Usability Scale (SUS) to assess the usability of the application. Twenty participants were involved in the testing. The result showed that the gamified application is easy and practical to use for an individual with or without diabetes. All the provided functions worked as designed and planned, and the participants accepted their usability. Overall, this study offers a promising result that could lead to real-life implementation.

Diabetes affects a person's lifestyle, in particular, their nutrition intake, daily activities, and exercise. Individuals with diabetes are encouraged to learn more about their condition. This will help them to control and manage diabetes and thus, nurturing selfmanagement. Introducing gamification for diabetes, using a gamified avatar as self-representation to reflect the patient's condition may offer different experiences in learning about the disease. In this study, we describe the gamification design applications that integrate games and the patient's avatar for learning about diabetes that could help them to self-manage. We report our preliminary study on implementing the user experience approach, in evaluating the designs of the application. The study revealed that the gamified designs are considered suitable for diabetes self-management, however, there are still some concerns about the reality of the avatar reflection. We discuss challenges and suggestions for further research and implementation in the development of pervasive avatar gamified applications.