Sustainability development practices currently is a pressing issue in many organizations and are gaining wide attention across the words. This study aims to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships among leadership style, organizational commitment, intention, and adoption of sustainable development practices among employees of distance learning higher education institutions in Malaysia. Presently, in Malaysia, the adoption of sustainable development practices among online distance learning higher education institutions is still at not very encouraging level and much improvement needs to be done to increase the level of adoption. In this study, primary data was employed and a survey questionnaire, which was adapted from previous research studies, was utilized for data gathering. The data analysis involved 392 clean data which was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Firstly, the measurement model was evaluated to determine the convergent validity by examining the construct reliability and validity. The discriminant validity was then assessed and verified using cross-loading and Hetrotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios. The structural model was then evaluated and the hypothesis testing indicated that leadership style and organizational commitment have a significant positive direct relationship with intention and adoption. Further, intention significantly mediates the relationship between leadership style and

utilized primary data collected through a survey questionnaire adapted from previous research studies. The data analysis involved 392 clean data points and employed structural equation modeling. The measurement model was assessed to establish convergent validity by examining construct reliability and validity. Discriminant validity was verified through cross-loading and Hetrotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratios. The structural model was then evaluated, and the results confirmed significant positive direct relationships between attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and intention. Additionally, intention was found to have a positive and significant relationship with adoption. Furthermore, the study revealed that intention significantly mediates the relationship between perceived behavioral control and adoption. These findings provide insights and suggest strategies to enhance the adoption of sustainable development practices in the context of online distance learning higher education institutions. For future studies, researchers should consider exploring the potential moderating effects of individual characteristics, such as prior knowledge, self-efficacy, and environmental awareness, on the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and adoption.

This study examines the implementation of sustainable development practices among employees in online distance-learning higher education institutions. It investigates the underlying principles of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and its application in comprehending the factors that impact sustainable behavior. The study assesses the direct and indirect correlations among variables of leadership styles, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, organizational commitment, intention, and the adoption of sustainable practices. The research sample comprises 392 individuals who participated by completing a survey questionnaire. Employing a causal-effect relationship design, the study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as the analytical technique. The results indicate that individual aspects, specifically attitudes and perceived behavioral control, significantly influence the intention to embrace sustainable practices. Additionally, the study emphasizes the influential role of organizational commitment and leadership styles in fostering sustainable behavior. It underscores the significance of cultivating a supportive social environment that reinforces sustainable norms and behaviors. The provision of resources,