This review is aimed to present information on the properties of Piperaceae which can be
potentially used as a biopesticide. The chemical compounds involved in were different as
each species consist of different amount of secondary metabolites which then leads to
different properties. In recent years, several reports have been published regarding the
composition and the biological activities of the essential oils of Piper species. These
studies have highlighted the existence of marked chemical differences among oils
extracted from different species or varieties. Analysis of volatile constituents from
Piperaceae species has revealed the presence of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and
arylpropanoids that have shown interesting biological properties including cytotoxic,
fungistatic, insecticide, molluscicidal, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Essential
oils are natural complex secondary metabolites characterized by strong odour, volatility
and have generally lower density than water. Due to their volatility, essential oils are
environmentally non-persistent. On top of that, essential oils are ‘generally recognized as
safe’ by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Since technology has
become more advanced, people started to replace synthetic pesticide with bio-pesticide.
The demand for EO has increased as it has biological properties that can be used to
replace synthetic pesticide
The usage of groundwater as drinking water source in many parts of Kelantan encourages the research and development of various cost-effective alternative adsorbent material for turbidity reduction and drinking water purification. The preparation, characterization, and use of a magnetic biocarbon adsorbent composite (MBAC) is introduced in this study as an option to treat turbid groundwater. In contrast to commercial activated carbon (CAC), peak shifts and peaks denoting Fe-O bending were observed in the FTIR spectrum of MBAC. The adsorption process for turbidity reduction by MBAC and CAC was investigated. A factorial design matrix consisting of four parameters were tabulated, namely, adsorbent dosage (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 g), agitation time (15, 30, and 60 min), agitation rate (150, 200, and 250 rpm), and two adsorbent particle size ranges (M: 300 < x ≤ 500, and Q: ≤ 45 μm). The predictive model was validated with 0.04 g MBAC of ≤ 45 μm in particle size, agitated at 150 rpm, for 48 min, that attained 98.46% turbidity removal efficiency with a final NTU reading of 0.40. Conversely, CAC removed 88.19% for a final NTU reading of 3.07. Overall, the iron oxide impregnated biocarbon composite showed better turbidity reduction capability compared to CAC. The findings of this work support the potential application of MBAC as an alternative adsorbent for the treatment of groundwater sourced drinking water.
This study presents the preparation of magnetic biocarbon from coconut shell. The physicochemical properties of the prepared biocarbon was initially characterized by their iodine adsorptive capacity to estimate structure porosity and surface area. The comparative study was conducted between coconut shell-derived biocarbon (CSB), coconut shell-derived activated biocarbon (CSAB), and magnetic coconut shell-derived biocarbon (MCSB) to evaluate their adsorption efficiency towards methylene blue (MB) dyes in aqueous solution. The iodine number for CSAB showed greater difference compared to the CSB and MCSB. Meanwhile, the adsorption studies indicated that MCSB had higher adsorption value (68.83 mg/g) for methylene blue dye than the other biosorbents. This was due to abundant of Fe3O4 species and oxygen containing functional groups after the biocarbon was modified. The data of MB adsorption by MCSB reflected better adsorption efficiency overall. Hence, magnetization is suggested as a better option for biocarbon modification.
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