Safety and health aspect should always be part of manufacturing system so that every stage of the manufacturing process and activities will expose no risk to more than a millions workers involved in this sector. In Malaysia, manufacturing sector is under the jurisdiction of Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and Factory and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA) which are enforced by the Department of Occupational and Health (DOSH). The objective of the study is to study the enforcement strategy carried out by DOSH officers whether it is persuasive, punitive or combination of both. Persuasion and punishment refer to the type of action taken by the enforcement officers against the errand employers. Making remarks in a log book, giving out directive letters and issuing notices (Notice of Prohibition, NOI and Notice of Improvement, NOP) are considered persuasive whilst opening an investigation paper (IP) for the purpose of offering compound and bringing the matter to court are considered punitive. The study depends on DOSH’s statistic i.e. OSH enforcement activities and action taken by its officers against errand employers during enforcement activities. The statistic shows that DOSH use both persuasion and punishment strategies during occupational safety and health (OSH) enforcement activities, but the use of persuasion is too glaring i.e. as much as 98.5% from the total number of actions taken against errand employers.

Problem statement: A survey was conducted to investigate the relationship between environmental factors, job satisfaction that influence the workers’ discomfort in four automotive manufacturing in Malaysia. Discomfort level of operator in workstation often were associated with workstation design, posture comfort operator at work, activity which involved work and place influence environment such as heat, noise and lighting. The aim of this study was to assess discomfort level based on ergonomic factors and to determine the distribution of body discomfort in relation to the task performed. Approach: Identification of discomfort level among the operators was carried out in four automotive companies in Malaysia. The study was carried out based on questionnaire responses from the participating factories and the collected data was analyzed through the SPSS software. Results: In the analysis data, research showed left arm was part of the body most involved a lot of activity like activity lifting, pulling, twisting, carrying and holding. Conclusion: The study revealed that the dominant factors contribute to the productivity at the body assembly production line is WBGT and I luminance whereas the empirical finding was closely related to the perception study by survey questionnaire distribution

Problem statement: Train is one of the important and famous public transportations in the whole world. High magnitude of whole-body vibration formed by the train may cause diseases and health problems to the human especially a low back pain. This study will give an account of daily exposure to vibration A(8) and Vibration Dose Value (VDV) exposed to the passengers travelling in the train and the effects produced by the exposure towards human body. Approach: One national train travelled from East Coast to the South has been chosen to conduct the study. The whole-body vibration exposure was measured in 8 h, which is equal to the duration for normal occupation condition. All the data was computed by using IEPE (ICP^TM) accelerometer sensor connected to DT9837 device which is capable to measure and analyze vibration effectively. The vibration results attained were displayed in personal computer by using custom Graphical User Interface (GUI). MATLAB software was used to interpret the data obtained. From the results shown, the whole-body vibration exposure level can be determined. Results: The values of daily exposure to vibration A(8) and Vibration Dose Value (VDV) in Experiment 3 were 0.3749 m sec^-2 and 1.2513 m sec^-1.75 respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the whole-body vibration absorbed by human body enhanced when the duration of vibration exposure and the total of the trips that has been passed by the passengers increased. This can be proved by the increasing of the value of daily exposure to vibration A(8) and Vibration Dose Value (VDV) calculated in the study

Problem statement: Production of automotive parts is among the largest contributor to economic earnings in Malaysia. The dominant work involve in producing automotive part were manual assembly process. Where it is definitely used a manpower capability. Thus the quality of the product heavily depends on workers comfort in the working condition. Temperature is one of the environmental factors that give significant effect on the worker performance. Approach: Temperature level and productivity rate were observed in automotive factory. An automotive manufacturing firm was chosen to observe the temperature level and workers productivity rate. The data were analyzed using Artificial Neural Networks analysis (ANN). ANN analysis technique is usual analysis method used to form the best linear relationship from the collected data. Results: It is apparent from the linear relationship, that the optimum value of production (value≈1) attained when temperature value (WBGT) is 24.5°C. Conclusion: Optimum value production rate (value≈1) for one manual production line in that particular company is successfully achieved. Through ANN method, the optimum temperature level for the optimum manual workers performance manage to be predicted

Workers in construction are the most in danger to the poor health effects of heat exposure every day. A simulated lifting task based on computational thermal model of the workers in the construction is designed and utilized to study the distribution of skin temperature under two different temperatures (32°C and 25°C) and statics relative humidity at 70%. The thermal distribution and simulation for the temperature towards human/manikin body was designed by utilising ANSYS Simulation software. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation revealed the detailed analysis of the thermal distribution around the body/manikin while conducting lifting activities. The CFD also indicated that case study (32 °C/70%) provided the significant physiological effect to the workers in the construction. The mean skin temperature in this case study is 34.7 °C. The heat index shows that when the human working in a hot climate, they had received significantly heat as high as the heat generated from their surrounding. This experiment concluded that skin temperature was influenced significantly by the tropical climate. This particular study provided potential exploration of the environment heat to the construction workers in Malaysia through the prediction of skin temperature.