Istilah vulnerabiliti ataupun keterancaman bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perhubungan yang wujud di antara keterdedahan ancaman fizikal dengan kesejahteraan manusia dan keupayaan mereka untuk menghadapi ancaman. Kajian ini melihat vulnerabiliti komuniti miskin yang tinggal di zon pinggir laut Negeri Kelantan. Komuniti miskin yang mempunyai daya tahan yang rendah merupakan kelompok komuniti yang paling berisiko terdedah kepada ancaman yang berlaku di zon pinggir laut seperti ancaman ombak, ribut, banjir air masin dan sebagainya. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai indeks vulnerabiliti komuniti miskin zon pinggir laut di sepanjang pinggir laut Negeri Kelantan. Terdapat dua komponen yang diambilkira iaitu komponen ancaman dan komponen sistem yang berisiko (komuniti miskin). Jumlah responden atau ketua isi rumah yang terlibat dalam sesi soal selidik ialah sepuluh peratus daripada jumlah ketua isi rumah miskin pada tahun 2012 bagi setiap Dewan Undangan Negeri di sepanjang pinggir laut Negeri Kelantan iaitu 515 orang. Ciri-ciri yang diambilkira seterusnya dinilai dengan skala Likert lima pilihan dan dianalisis bagi mendapatkan nilai indeks vulnerabiliti komuniti miskin zon pinggir laut Negeri Kelantan bagi 26 buah kampung di 11 mukim dalam empat daerah di pinggir laut Negeri Kelantan. Hasil daripada penilaian indeks tersebut menunjukkan tahap vulnerabiliti komuniti miskin sangat kritikal dan memerlukan satu mekanisma adaptasi yang sesuai agar komuniti ini boleh meningkatkan daya tahan mereka. Kesimpulannya, penilaian indeks vulnerabiliti komuniti miskin zon pinggir laut bukan sahaja menggambarkan tahap keterancaman komuniti tersebut, malah boleh dijadikan petunjuk dan panduan bukan sahaja kepada mereka tetapi pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam aspek pengurusan di zon pinggir laut. Kata kunci: ancaman, berisiko, indeks vulnerabiliti komuniti miskin zon pinggir laut, komuniti miskin, vulnerabiliti, zon pinggir laut

No abstract

The COVID19 pandemic and the multiple phases of MCOs have caused a massive impact on informal economic activities. The operators have to transform their economic activities from physical to online platforms. However, changing the economic activity platform is not as easy as it may seem. It requires the operators to acquire new skills. Therefore, this paper intends to unleash the challenges faced by the operators in transforming their businesses from physical to online platforms. This study employs a qualitative approach to achieve the objective of this study. The main respondent in this study is the fishermen’s community. Three parties are involved in this study: the operators (fishermen and the entrepreneurs), the government, and the academia. Findings show that the triple helix model provides a positive platform for operators to continue their businesses online. The bonding between these three parties provides a new path for the informal operators to sustain their well-being and better quality of life.

No abstract

Many countries, including Malaysia, have implemented e-government applications as part of their efforts to improve the efficiency and accountability of the public authorities. E-government connects government agencies with citizens, who can conduct transactions regardless of their age, gender, education and income, requiring only a device that can access the Internet. The objectives of this paper are twofold: i) to examine the level of usage of e-governments; and ii) to analyse the relationships between age, gender, education, income, level of usage and user (citizen) satisfaction with e-government among selected poor urban communities. Empirical data were collected from four poor urban communities via a survey questionnaire. The findings illustrate that usage is still rather low, and additional effort should, therefore, be made by the relevant agencies to increase usage. Of the ten applications studied, more than 50 percent of the respondents used only one or two applications; these were the applications most relevant to them, such as those from BR1M and the National Registration Department. It was found that education and income significantly influenced e-government usage, while age and gender did not. The results also indicate that a large percentage of users were satisfied with egovernment applications, although there were no correlations between age, gender, education, income and satisfaction.