This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence Newcastle University ePrints -eprint.ncl.ac.uk Oldenburg TBP, Jones M, Huang H, Bennett B, Shafiee NS, Head I, Larter SR. The controls on the composition of biodegraded oils in the deep subsurface-Part 4. Destruction and production of high molecular weight nonhydrocarbon species and destruction of aromatic hydrocarbons during progressive in-reservoir biodegradation.

Peninsular Malaysia is being distributed into three parallel belts (Western, Central and Eastern). Kelantan is one of the states in Peninsular Malaysia and consider as a unique territory to have all three belts (Western, Central and Eastern). Each belts divided into several formations which are Western Belt (Main Range Granite), Central Belt (Jeli Granite, Kemahang Granite, Noring Granite, Kenerong Leucogranite, Berangkat Tonalite and Senting Granite) and Eastern Belt (Boundary Range Granite). Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are usually concentrated related to the alkaline – peralkaline, carbonalite igneous rocks, as well as sedimentary rocks. Granitoid and some intrusive volcanic rocks are widely exposed in Malaysia, as well as Kelantan state. REEs are relatively abundant in the Earth crust, however these elements are rarely concentrated in the mineable ore deposit. There are a lot of research about granitoids, but very limited studies about the distribution of the REE. The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution of REEs in different type of granitoid rocks in Kelantan. For this purpose, 15 samples were selected and analysed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Result shows that, distribution of light REEs in all samples up to 78% and heavy REE up to 22% with total value 5350.69 ppm and 1491.27 ppm respectively. Surprisingly, Jeli Granite formation (LT15) is high potential of REE among the samples tested with total REE 3164.93 ppm and Kemahang Granite (JD18) is least potential with total REE 31.95 ppm. The granitoid distribution can be found widely in Kelantan with special characteristic and detailed study about mineral composition will help identifying the REE potential as well as generate more relatable study about genesis and nature of rocks in Malaysia.

Granitoid and some extrusive volcanic rocks are widely exposed in Kelantan. In Gua Musang area, the granites are characterized by slightly feldspar. One of the groups of elements found to be in association with granitic rocks is rare earth elements (REEs). The objective of the study is to investigate the distribution of REEs in different types of granitoid rocks in Gua Musang, Kelantan. For this purpose, 10 selected samples of granites were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Light REE are predominant, consisting up to 448.00 ppm. Distribution of light REE in the majority of samples (e.g as shown in sample #001, #003,#008, #009 and #010 ) are up to 90%. Interestingly, one of the samples show a considerably high REE value than previously reported in literatures (i.e sample #002 with a value of 574.3858 ppm) suggesting a good potential for REE. As granitoid rocks are widely exposed in Malaysia, result of this study would give a basic knowledge to develop a more detail study especially in Rare Earth Elements (REE) potential in different types of granitoid rocks in Malaysia.

Kampung Baru is one part of Jeli district that has abundant natural resources and contains several geological features of interest.The landscape of this area is divided into three parts which are mountainous, hilly, and plain areas. This research aims to perform terrain analysis and determine the suitability zone for the construction area. To achieve the objective, the mapping aspect is mainly based on field observations such as geomorphological features, elevation, drainage patterns, etc. Besides, elevation data extracted from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was employed to characterize the physical features of the landscape for terrain mapping and analysis. All this field-related data was then processed in ArcGIS software to generate thematic maps. The terrain classification was carried out based on five terrain variables: slope gradient, terrain code, activity code, erosion & instability. Then, the suitability of the site for development and construction is created using the terrain attributes. There were five types of classes created in the study area: class I (37.9 %), class II (23.3 %), class III (1.7 %), class IV (29.3 %), and class IV cut slope (7.6 %). The study area was dominated by class I, which means it has few geotechnical constraints and is highly suitable for development. Some cutting and filling of slopes are not expected to be difficult due to their low elevation. From the slope terrain analysis, only 4.89 % of the site is covered by a very steep slope (>60°). The site is mainly high slopes (35° - 60°), equal to 32.20% of the total area, with most of it contributed by the cut slopes. Gently sloping (5° - 15°) to moderate slope rate (15° - 25°) covers about 19.93% and 14.19% of the area respectively. The percentage of flat to gently sloping (0° - 15°) area is shown as 15.34 % of the project site. In conclusion, the parameters including the map prepared using the Weighted Overlay Method (WOM) can be beneficial to engineering geology for the planning of site investigations, preliminary design of foundation systems, and the project layout of the research area.