Up to one-third of the food produced for human consumption is wasted, with negative effects on the environment, society, and the economy. The value contained in kitchen food waste is being recognized more and more, and Brunei Darussalam is among the highest in the region with a solid waste output of 1.4 kg per capita per day. However, it is estimated that only 11.3% of the food waste was recycled, with the remaining portion ending up in landfills. In this context, this paper aims to offer recommendations for the most environmentally beneficial methods of using kitchen food waste, with composting kitchen food waste producing natural, halal, eco-friendly fertilizer. Thus, a two-month experiment was conducted to produce compost-based fertilizer from kitchen food waste. The nutritional value of the plant was then ascertained by fertilizing one plant of bird's eye chillies with compost-based fertilizer (CBF) and another plant with clay-based soil (CBS). Results of this study showed that the nutrients in CBF plants consist % of Total Nitrogen, % Total Phosphorus which are all in the accepted range. Thus, it demonstrates how composting food waste from households can aid in the management of waste reduction for sustainable and a healthy environment, and circular economy.

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a zoonotic respiratory epidemic declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). As a result, COVID-19 has caused food shortages in almost every country, including Brunei Darussalam. During the COVID-19 pandemic. Brunei has had shortages of meat products such as chicken, lamb, and processed meat. Food crime, such as smuggling meat products in Brunei Darussalam, has resulted from halal meat shortages. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the causes of halal-related food crimes in Brunei Darussalam and the proposed solutions. This study employs a library research method, and the data gathered is analysed qualitatively. This study discovered that, amid COVID-19, there are emerging threats of food criminality. As a result, relevant parties face a significant challenge in not only combating food criminality, which has the potential to harm the halal food industry but also in managing food shortages.

As Brunei Darussalam is positioning itself to be a halal hub, Brunei needs to act fast to strengthen its halal certification value-chain or system. Therefore, the Brunei Government appointed Bahagian Kawalan Makanan Halal (Halal Food Control Division), Jabatan Hal Ehwal Syariah (Department of Shariah Affairs), as a body to handle the halal certification process. Due to the rapid growth of the halal industry both local and international, it is important to research the halal certification process. The main objective of this study is to provide an understanding of the halal certification process in Brunei Darussalam. The study will highlight and determine to examine (1) the halal certification process, (2) actors, and (3) information on halal. The method used in this study is derived from the literature review in the form of related articles, journals, proceedings and books, and interviews with related actors of the halal certification. The results of the study will reveal (1) the halal certification value chain, (2) the related agencies and acts of the halal certification process, and (3) the information required in applying halal certification in Brunei Darussalam.

Realiti prestasi keberkesanan pensijilan halal dalam kalangan industri makanan bukan hanya boleh dipengaruhi oleh faktor luaran semata-mata, akan tetapi antara faktor yang menyumbang kepada keberkesanan tersebut juga adalah faktor pengguna dan pihak kerajaan yang melaksanakan pengurusan dalaman organisasi secara efektif dan berwibawa. Jesteru kajian dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang keberkesanan proses pensijilan halal di Negara Brunei Darussalam khasnya dari perspektif masyarakat. Kajian ini hanya membatasi respondan dari kalangan pemohon sijil halal. Seramai 154 respondan telah terlibat memberikan maklum balas terhadap soal selidik yang diedarkan secara rawak di ke empat-empat daerah di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Kajian rintis telah dijalankan bertujuan untuk menguji kebolehpercayaan soal selidik yang digunakan bagi kajian ini. Hasil analisis nilai Alpha Cronbach bagi item soal selidik yang diedarkan adalah berada pada nilai .975 . Dapatan kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberkesanan proses pensijilan halal di Negara Brunei Darussalam adalah sangat tinggi dan sangat positif. Nilai min pada setiap konstruk soal selidik juga menunjukkan dapatan kajian ini adalah antara julat 3.68 hingga 4.61 iaitu pada tahap yang sangat signifikan. Secara umumnya kajian ini telah mendapati bahawa persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberkesanan pensijilan halal adalah pada tahap yang tinggi dan sangat positif walau bagaimanapun bagi meningkatkan lagi keberkesanan proses pensijilan halal pemeriksaan dan penilaian proses kerja secara dalaman perlulah dilaksanakan oleh pihak-pihak yang pengurusan, jesteru itu kajian ini mencadangkan langkah mengekalkan prestasi keberkesanan pemprosesan sijil halal adalah agar pihak-pihak yang berautoriti dalam pemprosesan sijil halal bertindak melaksanakan satu sistem audit dalaman tentang prosedur kerja bagi proses pensijilan halal di Negara Brunei Darussalam.